3#lP 


ͻ
                                                               
                                                               
                 SINCLAIR RESEARCH  LTD.                       
                                                               
                                                               
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   ***   ****   *****   ****  *****   *****   *    *  *     *  
  *   *  *   *  *      *        *     *    *  *    *  * * * *  
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                ணࠬ஢  몥 BASIC                
                                                               
          ⨢ ,  ।樥  ।.        
                  ॢ  ᪨  1987.                
                                                               
    ⠥                                               
    THE LAGRAVE PRND LONDON, GREAT BRITAIN                    
    THIRD EDITION 1983.                                        
                                                               
ͼ


      
3!lP                              - 1 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                       E         F
                      

                                                              
   1.   .......................................   2
   2.   ᭮ ணࠬ஢  몥 ᨪ........   6
   3.   ᫮........................................  12
   4.   ..........................................  13
   5.   ணࠬ...................................  15
   6.    READ,DATA,  RESTORE.................  17
   7.   䬥᪨ 樨........................  19
   8.   ப ᨬ................................  22
   9.   㭪樨........................................  24
  10.   ⥬᪨ 㭪樨.........................  28
  11.   砩 ᫠................................  32
  12.   ᨢ........................................  34
  13.   ᪨ 樨............................  36
  14.    ᨬ.................................  38
  15.   ⥫ ⢨  "PRINT"
              "INPUT"......................................  45
  16.   ..........................................  50
  17.   䨪........................................  58
  18.   .......................................  62
  19.   ணࠬ஢ 㪮........................  65
  20.      ⭮ ..............  68
  21.   ன⢠ ..............................  73
  22.   㣮 ਩ 㤮...............  75
  23.     뢮...................................  75
  24.   .........................................  77
  25.   ⥬ ६...........................  85
  26.   ᯮ짮 設 ...................  92
ਫ A.   ᨬ.........................  99
ਫ B. 饭..................................... 108
ਫ C. ( 1) ᠭ ப
              ZX SPECTRUM................................... 115
ਫ C. ( 2)  ணࠬ஢ ........ 121
ਫ D. ਬ ணࠬ.............................. 144 
ਫ E. ⭠筠  筠 ⥬ 
              ᫥..................................... 154
              ⥫  ᨪ...................... 156
      
3#lP                              - 2 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 1

                         E       F
                        


   ᫨    ⠥      뫨      ⮩
࠭,       ।⠢  ⮬ ,   
ᨪ 믮 ।⢥ (  ),  
   ப  ࠭   ,   
⠪  ।⠢ ᥡ,   ⠪    PRINT,  LET,  
INPUT,  ᯮ   ,  ᨪ,  ⠪
,  BORDER,PAPER  BEEP, ᯮ   ZX SPECTRUM.
   祭 ᨪ 筥  ७  ⮢, -
     ,   ᬮਬ    ⥫쭮  
஡, ᭨ ᥡ ,   ,  祣 .
       ⠫, ࠩ  ᢮ ⥫쭮 ᯮ짮-
 , ᫨     "  㤥, ᫨
ᤥ ⠪  ⠪?",  ⮣ ⢥ 祭 :   ࠧ 
   㢨 ᠬ.
   直  ࠧ,    ⮩    ।  
-      믮  , 訢 ᥡ
"     ᤥ  ⮣"  ஡   ᤥ,  祬
  ᮡ⢥  ணࠬ  ,  ⥬     㤥
,  ࠡ⠥ .
      ⮩   ᪮쪮 ਫ,  ᮤঠ
ᢥ  ࣠樨 ,     ᫠,   ⠪
᪮쪮 ਬ஢ ணࠬ,   SPECTRUM.

                               
                     

      ZX  SPECTRUM   ᮤঠ  ⮫쪮  ᨬ
(㪢,   ..),  ⠪ ⠢ ᨬ (祢 ᫮,
, 㭪樨  ..)
      
3#lP                              - 3 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


     ⮣,  ⮡ ॠ   㭪樨  , -
    5   祭 砥 
⥬ 롮 ᮮ⢥饣 ॣ (.. ⥬  
CAPS SHIFT  SYMBOL SHIFT ६    室
襩),    ⥬  ॢ      
० ࠡ.
    ﭨ  ஬ - 饩  㪢,  
뢠,   㤥   ࠭ ᫥騩 ࠥ
ᨬ.
     (K) ⮬᪨  ० (L),    
    ணࠬ ப (⫨    
)      ⮩ 樨  ப  ஬  㪠뢠,  
  祢 ᫮  ப,  ⭮  砫
ப   ࠧ  ᫥  THEN,  
  ࠧ    ᫥  ":"(    ᪫祭    
ப),  ᫨    ०,   ⨥  ᫥饩  
㤥 ஢   祢 ᫮,  ᠭ  -
   .
      (L) ( 㪢)  筮   㣨
砥,  ᫨   ,  ⨥ ᫥饩  㤥
஢   ᭮ ᨬ  ,   設⢥
  㪢,    (K)   (L) ० ६ ⨥
  SYMBOL  SHIFT  -    ਭ  
ᯮ⥫ ᨬ, ࠦ  ,    CAPS
SHIFT  ஢ 襩 -  ࠢ 㭪 ᠭ 
஢ .  ⨥  CAPS SHIFT  㣨 蠬
  ०   (K)    祢 ᫮,     ०
 (C) 뢠   㪢.
       (C) (  㪢) -  ਠ ०
(L),    ஬   㪢   ࠭    ,
⨥  CARS LOSK ਢ  ᬥ  (L)  (C) 
.
       () (७) ᯮ    祭
⥫ ᨬ (筮 ),   ()  
६    ᬥ ०  ࠭ 
      
3#lP                              - 4 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


     .   ⮬ ० ⨥  
ᨬ  ,  ᫨ ० ࠭,  㣮, ᫨ -
     ᬥ ०.
    ६ ⨥ ஢   襩 ᬥ ०
SIMBOL  SHIFT  뢠  ,   ⨢ 砥  
  ᨬ ࠢ 梥⮬.
       (G)  ᫥     GRAPHICS
(CAPS  SHIFT  9)  ࠭   ,    㤥 
 CAPS SHIFT   ᮢ⭮  9.
    ஢   ⠪ ᪨ ᨬ,   ᪫-
  GRAPHICS   DELETE;     㪢  ,  ஬
V,W,X,Y,Z    뢠   ।  짮⥫
᪨ ᨬ.
    ᫨     㤥ন  祬 2  3  ᥪ.
  뢠 ७  ⢨,       -
⢫      ࠭,   ᨬ (  㯯
ᨬ  祢 ᫮)  । ஬, ᠬ 
 ६ 蠬:
      -  CAPS SHIFT  5;
    ࠢ -  CAPS SHIFT  8  ..
     । ஬   㤠  DELETE (CAPS
SHIFT  0).
    ਬ砭: 楫 ப   㤠  EDIT  CAPS
SHIFT   1)  ᫥騬 ⨥  ENTER.
      ⨨ ENTER ப,  ࠭      ࠭
 믮  ,  뢮  । ப
 ணࠬ,  ᯮ  ᯨ᮪   INPUT-.
    ᫨     ᮤন ᨭ⠪᪨  訡,    訡筮
 㪠뢠 騬   (?).
       ப ணࠬ,   ⨭ ⮡ࠦ  
孥   ࠭.  ᫥  ப  뢠
⥪饩  㪠뢠 ᨬ (>),   ६  
, ᯮ  CARS SHIFT  6  CAPS SHIFT  7 ᮮ⢥-
⢥,  ᫨  EDIT ( CAPS SHIFT  1)  ⥪  ப
७    ࠭,    ।஢.
      
3#lP                              - 5 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


  믮   ணࠬ,  뢮 ⢫  -
  ࠭  ࠭   ப  ணࠬ,  
    ENTER  稨 ⮩ ப,    
 ६饭  , .
       ࠭ 뢮 ⠪ ᮮ饭   訡,
 ࠭ ⠬     ( -
 室  ० ().
    । ﭨ  CAPS SHIFT  SPACE 
 BREAK, ⠭   뤠祩 ᮮ饭 'D'  'L'
 ᯮ:
      )   믮饣  ணࠬ;
      ) ᫥ 襭 樨  ਭ  䮭.

                                
               

   ࠭  ᮤন 24 ப  32 ᨬ      
 ,   ࠭ (22ப) 㦨  ⮡ࠦ
⨭   뢮 १⮢ ࠡ  ணࠬ,    
  ࠭   ,   ᢮稢    
ப,   ⠭  뤠祩 ᮮ饭 'SCROLL?'
⢥  N,  SPACE    STOP 맮 ⠭ ணࠬ    뤠祩
ᮮ饭 'D BREAK-CONT REPEATS', ⨥   ࠧ蠥
ᢥ.
        ࠭ ᯮ     ,  ப
ணࠬ   ,  ⠪  뢮 ᮮ饭 ⥬
( ஡ . ਫ   1).
      
3#lP                              - 6 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 2

         E                       F
              

⪮ ᮤঠ:  ணࠬ,    ப,  ।஢
                     ணࠬ  ᯮ짮 :
                     < >, < >, EDIT,
                      RUN, LIST, GO TO , CONTINUE,INPUT,
                     NEW, REM, PRINT, STOP  INPUT , BREAK

       ப ணࠬ ᫥ 㬬  ᥫ

            10 LET A=10
            20 PRINT A
 ⠪, ⮡  ࠭ :

                   10 (>) LET =10
                   20 PRINT A




                   (K)

    ப ணࠬ  稭  ,   -
뢠  ,   㦨   㪠 浪 ᫥
ப  ணࠬ,     믮.
     :
               15 LET =15
 .   뫮  ᤥ, ᫨  㬥
稭  1  2,     10  20,    襬 砥,  (
   ࢠ  1  9999).
    ⨬,  ⥯    ப 20  ᫥-
:
      
3#lP                              - 7 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                20 PRINT +
  ᤥ ᯮ  EDIT.
      (>)  ப 15 뢠  ணࠬ  ஬,  
ப     㪠뢠,  뢠 ⥪饩,   筮
᫥  ப,      ६
ணࠬ      ᯮ ᮮ⢥騥  -
 ࠢ ஬,  ⠭   ப 20,    
    EDIT,      ࠭   
⥪饩 ப,  襬 砥  ப 20,   㤥ন-
  ६饭  ࠢ   ,   
(L)    ६     ⥬   '' 
 ENTER, ப    ࠭ ਬ :
                 20 PRINT A+B
    ENTER   맮  ன ப  20  
  ᠭ     ࠭,    ࠭    㤥
룫拉 ⠪:
                         10    LET A=10
                         15    LET B=15
                         20(>) PRINT A+B






                         (K)


  ணࠬ    RUN  ENTER        ࠭
㬬.
    믮  ணࠬ PRINT ,,  ६ ࠭  
᫥ 襭 ணࠬ.
         ਬ  EDIT,  ⨬    
㤠  ப ࠭    ࠭,   ⮣ 
     㤥ন   ப   DELETE,  
      
3#lP                              - 8 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 ᤥ ॥:   EDIT,   맮 ஢ -
饩 ப    ࠭,  ⥬   ENTER,  ப
 ⠪   ணࠬ,    ࠭ .
     ப:
                           12 LET B=B
  㤠 ⮩ ப :
                           12    ( ⥬ ENTER)
ணࠬ   ⠭  ப 10  15,    蠬
ࠢ ஬   ⠭    ப.
  ࠧ  믮 12  ENTER,   ᭮  ⠭  
ப 10  15,  ⥯  EDIT  ப 15 㤥 ᪮-
     ࠭.   EDIT    ப
᫥  ப   ஬,   ENTER   ⪨
  ࠭.
      :
                            30 (  ⥬ ENTER)
ணࠬ    ⠭ ᫥  ணࠬ,  ᫨  
⥯  EDIT  㤥 ७ᥭ ப 20
     , , 믮 :
                             LIST 15
  㢨  ࠭:
                             15 LET B=15
                             20 PRINT A+B
ப 10  ⮡ࠦ  ࠭,    ࠭   襩
ணࠬ,   㡥  ⮬  ENTER.
      LIST  15  㪠뢠   ⮡ࠧ  ⨭  
ப    ஬ 15  ⠭     ப  ணࠬ
,  뢠 㤮  ᬮ 祭  ணࠬ.
    㣮 祭 ஢ ப , 㦨  
 뫪    㣮  ணࠬ, ( GO TO N).
     LIST  ࠭ 뤠 ⨭  ࢮ ப.
      NEW 頥      ணࠬ  
६.
      믮 ணࠬ ॢ 祭 ⥬ 
ࠤ  ७  ⥬  
      
3#lP                              - 9 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                      10 REM TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
                      20 PRINT "DEG F", "DEG C"
                      30 PRINT
                      40 INPUT "ENTER DEG F ", F
                      50 PRINTF;( F-32)=5/9
                      60 GO TO 40
      㢨    뢮  ப  20,      
 ,     ப 10?   
 ப.   ਨ (REMARK  RENAMBER)   ᫥
᫥ REMARK ஬    ப.
    ᫥  室    ப 40     室  
०  祭 ६ F,     
祭  ० (L),  ᫮    ENTER, 
뢥  १  ᭮ ३   ᫥饣  ᫠,
 室 ᯥ稢  ப 60   GO TO 40.
    ᫨    । ᫠ ⢥ STOP,   
⠭   뤠祩 ᮮ饭:  'H STOP IN INPUT IN  LINE  40'
஥  稭 ⠭   ⠭ ( -
  ப 40).
    ᫨  ⥯    த 믮 ணࠬ
  CONTINUE    । ᫮.
      ᯮ짮 CONTINUE   (  뤠
'0 ')  ᫥ 믮塞 ப  த 믮-
   ⮩ ப.
    ᬮ ⥫쭮  PRINT  ப 50,  
  祭  ,      PRINT  ᯮ  
㪠 ⮣,  뢮 ᫥騩 ᫥ ⮩  த-
     ࠭    ।,  ᨬ
  ⮣    浪    ,  ⠪  
ப  50  ।뢠 뢮 祭  ⥬  
ࠤ 楫  । ࠭.
    ᫨  ᯮ짮   PRINT  ⮩    
⮩ ';',   ।   뢮 ।⢥
᫥ ।.
      ப 30 뢮  ப.
          
3#lP                              - 10 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


      PRINT  ᥣ  稭 뢮    砫  ᫥饩
ப,       ,  ⠢     ।饣
 PRINT     ⮩ :
                     50 PRINT F ,
                     60 PRINT F;
  ⠩      稥  ':',  ஥  ᯮ
⮫쪮  ࠧ ࠧ ஢   ப.
      ६  ᪮쪮 ணࠬ ப:
                     100 REM THIS POLITE PROGRAM REMEMBER YOUR NAME
                     110 INPUT N$
                     120 PRINT"HELLO";N$;"!"
                     130 GO TO 110
      ணࠬ      易    ࠭    ࠭
ணࠬ,      ঠ    -
.
      ⮣ ⮡ 믮 ᫥ ணࠬ,    
:
                             RUN 100
      ணࠬ  ப ᨬ,     㪠뢠
ப묨 窠,  ᫨  ,    ⠥
  ६   ⠪   ᯮ짮    祭  
⢥ INPUT-, ਬ ⢥ ணࠬ
                     N$    (㤠 窨)
 ᤥ  INPUT  ப 110  
                            LET N$=N$
     ᫨    訫  STOP  ப ,    
⠭   砫 ப,  ᯮ   ࠢ
஬ <>.
    ⢨  'RUN 100'  ⢨  GO TO,
    ⫨,  RUN 100 頥  ६  ࠭  
᫥  ⮣ 믮 GO TO 100,  㣮 ⫨稥  ⮬,    
 㪠 RUN   ப,  ⮣ 믮 筥
  ࢮ ப,    GO TO ᥣ  ᮤঠ 
ப.
     ਢ ணࠬ ⠭   
          
3#lP                              - 11 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


STOP,      ணࠬ,      ⠭
 ࠧ, ਬ:
                          200 GO TO 200
                          RUN 200
⠭  ணࠬ ,  ᫨   CAPS SHIFT 
SPACE,   맮  ணࠬ BREAK,  ⠭ -
᫥  뤠祩 ᮮ饭 'L BREAK INTO PROGRAM'.   BREAK
   ᯮ짮   ६ 믮 樨  -
䮭   ਭ,   ⮬ 砥 뤠 ᮮ饭 'D  BREAK
CONT REPEATS',   CONTINUE  ⮬ 砥 (    設-
⢥ 㣨),  맮 ७ ,   ஬ ந襫
⠭.      CONTINUE ᫥ ᮮ饭 'L BREAK  INTO
PROGRAM' म 믮  ᫥饣 .
       ணࠬ ᭮      ,
:
                   N$        (㤠 ६窨)
᪮ 祭 N$'  ।,  㤥 뤠 ᮮ饭:
'Z VARIABLE NOT FOUND', ᫨ ⥯  믮:
                      LET N$="SONETING DEFINITE"
   ⢥ '0 ,0:1',
  ⥬  CONTINUE,   㢨   ணࠬ  
ଠ쭮.    㦥 ⬥砫 ᮮ饭 'L BREAK INTO PROGRAM'
ᮡ, ⠪  뤠 ᫥  CONTINUE  뢠 ७
, 맢襩 ⠭.
     ਢ  ⮩  ⢥ত PRINT,  LET,  INPUT,
RUN, LIST, GO TO, CONTINUE,NEW  REM   ᯮ짮 
    ணࠬ,    ,    RUN,  LIST,
CONTINUE    REM  ᯮ   ,      
ᯮ짮   ணࠬ.
      
3#lP                              - 12 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 3

                         E      F
                        

    ⪮ ᮤঠ: IF, STOP,=,>,<,<=,>=,<>
    ᫥⥫쭮  믮 ஢ ணࠬ  ᥣ
।᪠㥬.  ।   ணࠬ    
ਭ 襭  쭥襬 室 ᫥,  , ॠ-
騩   :
          IF- ஥  ⨭      ࠦ,
          THEN- ஥ ⢨.
ਬ  믮   NEW,   ⥬     믮
ணࠬ (    祫):
                10 REM CUESS THE NUMBER ( 㣠뢠 ᫠)
                20 INPUT A:CLS
                30 INPUT"GUESS THE NUMBER",B (㣠 ᫮)
                40 IF A=B THEN PRINT "THIS IS CORREKT": STOP
                50 IF B<A THEN PRINT"THIS IS TOO SMALL, TRY AGAIN"
                60 IF B>A THEN PRINT"THIS IS TOO BIG, TRY AGAIN"
                70 GOTO 30
     IF   : IF ᫮ THEN....
'...' - ᫥⥫쭮 ஢,  ࠧ 稥
 ࠧ. ᫨ '᫮' ⨭,   믮 -
  ᫥騥  ᫥ THEN  ⨢ 砥   ய᪠  
믮 ணࠬ த  ᫥饣 .  
⥩訬  ᫮   ࠢ  ᥫ    ப.
᫠    ࠢ,     㣮,   ப
 ࠢ,    ᫥ ᫥ 㣮  䠢⭮ 浪,
  ᫮ ᯮ ⭮襭:
                  =, <, >, <=, >=, <>
    ਬ, ࠦ 1<2, -2<1, -3<1 ⨭,  ࠦ 1<0,
0<2  .  ப ணࠬ 40 ࠢ ᫠ 'A'   'B',  ,
᫨  ࠢ, 蠥 ࠡ, 믮  STOP.  ⮬
㤥 뤠 ᮮ饭 '9 STOP, STATEMENT, 30:3',뢠饥,
      
3#lP                              - 13 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 STOP 뫠 뤠  3-   30- ப.
     ᫮    ᫥騬 ࠧ:
  >  -  SIMBOL SHIFT   T               - 
  <  -  SIMBOL SHIFT   R               - 
  <= -  SIMBOL SHIFT   G               -   ࠢ
                                         (  <  =>)
  >= -  SIMBOL SHIFT   E               -   ࠢ
  <> -  SIMBOL SHIFT   W               -  ࠢ





 4

                            E    F
                           

    ⪮ ᮤঠ: FOR, NEXT, TO, STEP
    ⨬  室 ⠢  ணࠬ,  뢠
㬬   ᥫ,   뫮  ᤥ ⠪:
                         10  LET TOTAL=0
                         20  INPUT A
                         30  LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
                         40  INPUT A
                         50  LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
                         60  INPUT A
                         70  LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
                         80  INPUT A
                         90  LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
                         100 INPUT A
                         110 LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
                         120 PRINT TOTAL
    稫     祭 ⨬쭠  ணࠬ,  
    樮쭮, ᫨  稪  -
      
3#lP                              - 14 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 GO TO
                         10   LET TOTAL=0
                         20   LET COUNT=1
                         30   INPUT A
                         40   REM COUNT= NUMBER OF TIME THAT A  HAS
                                BEEN INPUT SO FAR
                         50   LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
                         60   LET COUNT=COUNT+!
                         70   IF COUNT<=5 THEN GO TO 30
                         80   PRINT TOTAL
    ,   ᫮  ப 70,     ⮫쪮
5,    ⢮ ᥫ,  ࣠樨  ணࠬ ⠪
稪    ᯥ樠  FOR   NEXT  
ᥣ ᯮ .
      ணࠬ  ᯮ  ஢ 㤥 룫-
 ⠪.
                        10   LET TOTAL=0
                        20   FOR C=1 TO 5
                        30   INPUT A
                        40   REM  C= NUMBER OF TIMES THAT A  HAS
                                  BEEN INPUT SO FAR     ணࠬ.

                        50   LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
                        60   NEXT C
                        70   PRINT TOTAL
      'C'  ࠢ ६ 横      
 㪢, 'C' ᫥⥫쭮 ਭ 祭 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(।  - 筮  祭 ६ 横)      
室 믮 ப 30, 40, 50,  ⥬ ᫥ ⮣  'C'
ਬ ⮥ 祭, 믮 70- ப.
饭 祭 ࠢ饩 ६ ⠢ 1,    
祭  , ᯮ 㪠 STEP   -
  FOR,  ⠪ ࠧ  ଠ  FOR 룫廊 ᫥-
騬 ࠧ:
    FOR'. ६.'='..' TO '।' STEP' 蠣 .'
          
3#lP                              - 15 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


     ' 砫쭮 祭',  ' ।',  '蠣 饭'  -
 ࠦ,  ਭ騥 ᫮ 祭,   ⠪,  ᫨  
 ப 20 ணࠬ 
                         20 FOR C=10 TO 5 STEP 3/2
 'C' ᫥⥫쭮 ਬ 祭, 5  4
    믮  ணࠬ,  뢮 ᫠  1  10  뢠饩
᫥⥫쭮:      10 FOR N=10 TO 1 STEP -1
                         20 PRINT N
                         30 NEXT N
     ணࠬ 뢮 ᫠ :
                         10 FOR M=0 TO 6
                         20 FOR N=0 TO M
                         30 PRINT M;":";N;" ";
                         40 NEXT N
                         50 PRINT
                         60 NEXT M
        祭 STEP,  ࠢ 0,  맮 ᪮筮 ७
横, ⮣  ४ .





 5

                     E           F
                    

    ⪮ ᮤঠ GO SUB, RETURN

      뢠 㤮  ࠣ ணࠬ  ।-
    ⤥ ⥩,   ᪮ ࠧ  ᯮ㥬  
ࠧ  ணࠬ.    ଫ  ண-
ࠬ,   뢠    ணࠬ.
     ⮣ ᯮ  GO SUB (GO TO SUBROUTINE) 
          
3#lP                              - 16 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


RETURN  ଥ:             GO SUB N
      'N'  ࢮ ப  ணࠬ.
   GO TO   ⮩ ࠧ楩,    ᯮ짮-
  GO SUB   ᫥騩 ᫥ GO SUB ,
M    । ࠢ  ᫥  믮  ணࠬ.
    ।⢮  饭    (
)  ᯥ樠  ,  뢠 GO SUB  ⥪.
RETURN 롨ࠥ 孨     GO SUB ⥪  த-
  믮 ணࠬ   ᫥饣 ᫥ 
 ⨬ ஬. ਢ ਬ :
                          100 LET X=10
                          110 GO SUB 500
                          120 PRINT S
                          130 LET X=X+S
                          140 GO SUB 500
                          150 PRINT S
                          160 LET X=X+2
                          170 GO SUB 500
                          180 PRINT S
                          190 STOP
                          500 LET S=0
                          510 FOR U=1 TO X
                          520 LET S=S+U
                          530 NEXT U
                          540 RETURN
      饬 砥 ணࠬ  뢠 㣨 ணࠬ-
   ᠬ ᥡ (⠪ ணࠬ 뢠 ४ᨢ).
      
3#lP                              - 17 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 6


                 E READ, DATA, RESTOREF
                

  । ணࠬ  ,   ଠ  
         INPUT,
     祭 ⮬⥫쭮,  ᮡ ᫨  
      ࠧ  믮  ணࠬ.  
   ६  ᯮ  READ,  DATA  
RESTORE. ਬ:        10 READ A, B, C
                          20 PRINT A, B, C
                          30 DATA 10, 20, 30
                          40 STOP
     READ ⮨  ᫮ READ   ᫥ ᯨ᮪
 ६, ࠧ 묨,  믮 ⥫쭮
䥪⨢    INPUT,  ᮡ    祭
ᢠ ६,   ⮬ 砥    稭
६  ⢥ত DATA.
        DATA -  ᯨ᮪ 祭  - ᫮  
 - ࠧ 묨,       㣮
 ணࠬ,  ⠪    ,  ᪫祭 
砥,   ᯮ  READ.
    ।⠢  ࠦ    ஢  DATA  
ணࠬ,     ᮢ⭮  DATA.

      ᯨ᪠ ࠦ (ᯨ᪠ DATA).

砫    롨ࠥ ࢮ 祭  ᯨ᪠  DATA  
稭    ஢ READ,   ᫥ ࠧ     ஥
祭  ᯨ᪠ DATA , ⠪ ࠧ, 롨ࠥ ᫥
쭮   READ ࠡ뢠  ᯮ짮 ᯨ᪠ DATA.
  ᥡ,    ᯮ    
DATA     ࠢ饣 ,  ⠪    READ  
      
3#lP                              - 18 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


㦨 .  DATA 믮 ⮫쪮  ணࠬ.
     ᬮ,     ॡ 믮    쬠
ࠪ୮ ணࠬ:  ப 10  㪠  
 祭 DATA  ᢮  ६ A, B, C.
    ப 20   ⮬,    뢥 (PRINT)  -
.  ப 30  DATA  祭  A, B, C.
    ப 40 稢 ணࠬ.
    ଠ    DATA     FOR...  NEXT
横. ਬ:           10 FOR N=1 TO 6
                           20 READ D
                           30 DATA 2,4,6,8,10,12
                           40 PRINT D
                           50 NEXT N
                           60 STOP
      믮  ணࠬ   㢨,    READ
 ॡࠥ  ᯨ᮪ DATA.
     DATA  ᮤঠ ⠪   ਬ:
                           10 READ D$
                           20 PRINT "THE DATE IS", D$
                           30 DATA  "JONE IST, 1982"
                           40 STOP
     ⮩ ᯮᮡ 祭 ࠦ  DATA ᯨ᪠:  
 믮  砫   ,   㤥 ⨣ ,
      ᯮ짮  ணࠬ 室    DATA
ᯨ᪮,  ᯮ  RESTORE.   ⮬ 砥 ᯮ
 RESTORE   㪠 ᫥   ப  -
஬ DATA,    ᫥⥫쭮 騥  ணࠬ -
 READ   , 稭  ࢮ  DATA.
-     㪠뢠  ப     RES-
TORE,      ⮬  砥  㪠⥫  ⠭   
  ணࠬ.
    ஡ 믮 ⠪ ணࠬ:
          
3#lP                              - 19 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                            10 READ A,B
                            20 PRINT A,B
                            30 RESTORE 10
                            40 READ X,Y,Z
                            50 PRINT X,Y,Z
                            60 DATA 1,2,3
                            70 STOP
      ⮩ ணࠬ ६   ப 10  -
 祭 X=1  B=2.   RESTORE 10 뢠  㪠-
⥫    砫쭮   ப 40 ᢮  祭
६ X, Y  Z 稭  ࢮ 祭  DATA.
    믮  ணࠬ   ப 30,   㢨 ᠬ   
⮣ .





 7


          E                       F
         

   ⪮ ᮤঠ: 樨 +, -, *,  /  ࠦ, ᫮
祭,  ६.
        ᪮쪮 ਬ஢    ZX  SPEKTRUM  
஢ ᫠,  ⠪  믮  䬥᪨
樨: +, -, *, /. ਬ:    LET TAX= SUM*15/100
   ᫥   ஢묨.
    樨 ⠪ ⨯  SUM*15/100 뢠  ࠦﬨ.
    ࠦ -  ᠬ ⪨   㪠  
 ,  ᫥     㣨.  襬 ਬ
ࠦ: SUM*15/100 㪠뢠:  쬨  祭  ६  
 "SUM ", 㬭    15  ⥬ ࠧ  100.  ᫨
      
3#lP                              - 20 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


      ⮣ ᤥ,    ४㥬  ᬮ
    ⮩  , ⮡ ,   ZX  SPEKTRUM
ࠡ⠥  ᫠   冷,  ஬ 믮 ⥬-
᪨  ࠦ.
   ⪮ ७:
      믮 묨,    -
 ਮ, 祬 ᫮  ⠭.
    ⭮⥫쭮    㣠  㬭      ࠢ
ਮ,   ࠢ,   ஬ 㬭  
믮 ᫥⥫쭮 ᫥  ࠢ,     믮-
,  ⥬  믮 ᫮  ⠭  -
 ⠪ ᫥ ࠢ.
      ਮ   ZX SPEKTRUM  ᯮ
᫠  1  16,  ਬ,   '*',  '/'  ਮ
8,   '+'  '-'- 6,  冷 ᫥  ⪨,  
     ᪮ ࠦ  ᪮ -
  ,    ⥬ ⠢  饥 ࠦ   
᫮.
        ᯮ짮  ᫮ '+'   楯
ப (⥭樨)  ࠦ.
     ப ६ ⮨  㪢  ᫥騬  -
  '$',    ࠢ饩  ६  FOR-NEXT  横  
     㪢,      ᫮  ६
 롨 ந쭮,    ᮤঠ ᪮쪮 㪢
 ,  ࢮ ᥣ   㪢.
        ⠢   ஡    㤮⢠  ⥭,
᪮     ⠥    ,    
ய묨  묨 㪢    ࠧ묨.
    ਬ ⨬  ६:
                  X
                  T42
                  THIS NAME IS SO LONG THAT I SHALL NEVE                             TO IT OUT AGAIN WITHOUT
                  MAKING A MISTAKE
                  NOW   WE  ARE  SIX     㪠뢠
                  NOWWEARESIX              ६
    ਬ  ⨬  ६:
          
3#lP                              - 21 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                  2001               (稭  )
                  3                       --//--
                  ***              '*' 㪢   
                  FOTHERINGTON-TOMAS  ( ᮤন  '-')
    ᫠  ࠦ    ᯮ樠쭮 ଥ.
஡ 믮 :
                  PRINT 2,34E0
                  PRINT 2,34E1
                  PRINT 2,34E2       . 
                  PRINT 2,34E18
       PRINT   8   ᫠.
஡ 믮 :
                  PRINT 4294967296, 4294967295-429E7
    㢨,        ਭ  ⮫쪮  ᫮
      ZX SPEKTRUM ᯮ 䬥⨪  饩 -
 (⮩),   ⮬ ࠧ  ᫠ (   -
) ࠭  ⤥ ,  ਢ   ᥣ 
१⠬   楫 ᥫ, 믮:
                   PRINT 1E10+1-1E10, 1E10-1E10+1
    1E10  1E10+1  ࠧ ஬  ࠧ ᫠
(1E10 ᥪ ࠢ)
       來 ਬ:
                    PRINT 5E9+1-5E9
譮  5E9 ⠢  1,   ਡ 1 䠪-
᪨ 㣫  2.
    ᫠  5E9+1  5E9+2   ࠢ,  襥  楫
஥   ਭ ,  ࠢ 2**32-1  ( 4 294  957
295)
    ப""     ᨬ 뢠 ⮩    
ப,  ⠩   ஡, :
    PRINT "HAVE YOU FINISHED"FINNEGANS WAKE" YET?"
    ENTER,   騩  -
, 㪠뢠騩 訡筮   ப,   樨
ᥩ  ப      ,  뢠  "
FINNEGANS WAKE",    뢠饩 窮  ப "
      
3#lP                              - 22 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


HAVE  YOU FINISHED"  ⥬  ᬮ 뢥 "FINNEGANS WAKE',
    ᯥ樠쭮 ࠢ:  ᫨    뢥
窨  ப,    㤢.
ਬ:
        PRINT"HAVE  YOU  FINISHED"" FINNEGANS WAKE" YET?"
   砥 㤥 뢥 ⮫쪮 ࠧ, ࠬ 묨
窠:
        "FINNEGANS WAKE"





 8

                  E               F
                 

⪮ ᮤঠ: 祭, ᯮ짮 TO
ਬ砭:  樨   ⠭⭮ ᨪ

        ப ᨬ,  ⮣   ப  㤥
  ᫥⥫쭮  ᨬ    ⮩   ப,   ⠪
"STRING"    ப    "BIGGEN  STRING",    "R
STRING"  "BIG STRING"  .  ⢨, -
 祭  । ப  ஥  ਬ-
  ப ࠦ.
      ଠ:
               '  ப  ࠦ'( '砫'  '')
    饥 ࠦ ⨭:
                "ABCDEF" (2 TO 5)= "BCDE",
    ᫨  饭 ' 砫',    㬮砭 ࠧ㬥  1,
᫨ - '',   ࠧ㬥  ᥩ ப, ⠪:
      
3#lP                              - 23 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


      "ABCDEF"(TO 5) = "ABCDEF"(1 TO 5 )= "ABCDE"
      "ABCDEF"(2 TO) = "ABCDEF"( 2 TO 6)= "BCDEF"
      "ABCDEF" (TO)  = "ABCDEF"( TO 6  )= "ABCDEF"
    ᫥ ࠦ  뫮    ⠪:
      "ABCDEF"() ,
 ⮦ ୮,  ᪠  ᫮ TO:
      "ABCDEF" (3)= "ABCDEF"( 3 TO 3) = "C "
    '砫  '   '  '  室   ।  ப,
 㤥 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡. , ࠦ
       "ABCDEF "( 5 TO 7 )
뢠 ᮮ饭 '3SUBSTRIPT WRONG',  ⠪  ' ' ॢ-
  ப ( 6 ).
    ᫨ '砫'  祬 '',    ࠭  
। ப,  १⮬ 㤥  ப:
                 "ABCDEF"( 8 TO 7 ) = " "
                 "ABCDEF"( 1 TO 0 ) = " "
    '砫 '  '  '     ⥫묨,  
뤠 ᮡ饭 '  INTEGER OUT OF RANGE'.
     ணࠬ   ࠢ:
                    10 LET A$ = "ABCDEF "
                    20 FOR N=1 TO 6
                    30 PRINT A$ (N TO 6)
                    40 NEXT N
                    50 STOP
     ⠪ ᢠ 祭 ப, ஡:
                     10 LET A$ = "I A THE ZX SPECTRUM "
                     20 PRINT A$
                     30 LET A$ ( 5 TO 8 ) = "******"
                     40 PRINT A$
    ப  A$  (  5 TO 8 )   ⮫쪮    4  ᨬ,
⮬   ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮    窨.  
ᮡ ᢮ 祭 ப:   ᥪ-
 ࠢ,  ⪨  ஡   ன.
⢨  뢠 ப⨠   ᪮ ࠧ
ப,  ᢮   㡠 ,  
      
3#lP                              - 24 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 ᫨   室     ஢.
    ᫨  ⥯ 믮:
            LET A$ () = "HELLO THERE"  PRINT A$; " , "
 㢨   뢥 ⥫ ஡, ⠪  '$()'
⠥ ப.  ࠢ쭮  ᫥ :
            LET A$ = "HELLO THERE "
     ᯮ짮 ᪮,      祭
ப ࠦ । ⥬,   祭, ਬ:
             "ABC" + "DEF" ( 1 TO 2 ) = "ABCDE "
           ( "ABC" + "DEF")( 1 TO 2 ) = " AB "





 9


                          E      F
                         

⪮ ᮤঠ: DEF, LEN, STR$, VAL, SGN, ABS, INT, SQR, FN

    㭪樨 -    ᨪ - ⥬ ணࠬ,  -
     室   祭,   뢠   㬥⠬,
 㣨 祭. 㭪樨  ᯮ  ࠦ
 祭    㭪樨  ᫥騬 㬥⠬.
     ᫥ ࠦ,   祭 㭪樨.
ਬ:  㭪樨  LEN 頥     ப
㬥,   :
                PRINT LEN "SINKLAIR",
  뢥 ⢥ ' 8 ',  ..  ⢮ 㪢  ᫮
'SINKLAIR' (     㭪樨 LEN,  
  室 ०,    CAPS SHIFT  SYM SHIFT,
   (L)  (E),    R ).
      
3#lP                              - 25 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    ᫨   ࠦ ᯮ  㭪樨  樨,
㭪樨  ᫥ । 믮  権, 
    冷, ਬ ᪮.
    㭪  STR$  ८ࠧ ᫮  ᨬ ,  
ଠ 뢮 ᥫ ஬ PRINT:
                       LET A$ = STR$ 1E2
筮  ⢨ 
                       LET A$ = "100"
 믮          PRINT LEN STR$ 100,0000
  ⢥ 3, ..  $ 100,0000 = "100"
    㭪  VAL   㭪 STR$  ८ࠧ ப  
᫮, ⠪             VAL "3.5" = 3.5
                    VAL "2*3" = 6
  ⠪           VAL ("2" + "*3") = 6
      ᫥  砥 ந室  ᫥    ࠦ,
᭠砫 ப  祭 ப "2*3 ", ⥬ ᫮
 祭 ப  "6 ".
       㤭⥫쭮 , ਬ:
            PRINT VAL "VAL""VAL""""2"""",
,     ப 窨 㤢,   ,   
襬 砥   ⢥७   㢮ᬨ७.
       㭪  VAL -  VAL$,  㬥
⮬    १⮬ ⮩ 㭪樨   ப  ᨬ,  
ࠡ⠥   VAL,  ਬ ,  뢠  窨  
ப.
        VAL$"""FRUIT PUNCH """="FRUIT PUNCH"
     LET A$ = "99"
 ⥬ 뢥  ᫥騥 祭
                             VAL A$
                             VAL "A$"
                             VAL " " "A$" " "
                             VAL$ A$
                             VAL$ "A$"
                             VAL$ " " " $ " " "
       ࠡ,    , ஠
          
3#lP                              - 26 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 ⢥.
    㭪  SGN  -  ⠪  뢠  ⥬᪠   㭪
ᨣ (),   㬥   १   ᫮,  १
ࠢ:                        1, ᫨ 㬥 ⥫;
                              0, ᫨ 㬥 ࠢ 0;
                             -1, ᫨ 㬥 ⥫.
    㭪 ABS ८ࠧ 㬥  ⥫쭮 ᫮:
                              ABS -3.2 = ABS 3.2 = 3.2
    㭪  INT ( 'INTEGER PART' - 楫  )  ८ࠧ
஡ ᫮  楫 뢠 ஡ :
                              INT 3.9 =3
         ⥫쭮  㬥,  ⠪  
㣥 ந室  襬 楫  襬, 祬 㬥:
                              INT -3,9 =- 4
    㭪 SQR  ७   ᫠, ਬ:
                              SQR 4 =2
                              SQR 0.25 = 0.5
                              SQR 2 = 1.4142136(ਡ⥫쭮)
    ᫨ 㬥 ⥫,  뤠 ᮮ饭:
                              ' A INVALID ARGUMENT'.
     ⠪   ᠬ ।  ᥡ    㭪-
,  㪠 FN   ⮩ 㭪樨 (㪢, ᫨ 㬥 ᫮
  㪢  $,  ᫨ ப). 㬥   易-
⥫쭮 祭  ᪮.
      । 㭪   DEF  ஬
 ணࠬ.  ਬ:   㭪   
᫠                10 DEF FN S(X) = X*B: REM THE SQUARE OF X
    DEF   ᮮ⢥饬 ० (SIMBOL SHIFT  1), ⥯
㭪  ᯮ짮  ணࠬ.
                         PRINT FN S(2)
                         R BE ABLE
                         FN S(3+4)
                         PRINT 1+ INT FN S(LEN "CHICREN "/2+3)
    㭪  INT  ᥣ 㣫  楫 ;   㣫  
筮 0.5    १ '.5' ,    
      
3#lP                              - 27 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


  ᥡ ⠪ 㭪:   DEF FN R(X)= INT(X+0,5):  REM CIVES  X
RONDED TO THE NEAREST INTEGER
   ⥬ ஡  :
           FN R(2,9)=3                   FN R(2,4)=2
           FN R(-2,9)=-3                 FN R(-2,4)=-2
      믮 ᫥饥:
                  10 LET X=0: LET Y=0: LET A=10
                  20 DEF FN P(X,Y)=A+X*Y
                  30 DEF FN R()=A+X*Y
                  40 PRINT F, P(2,3), FN Q()
      ⮭  ⮩ ணࠬ, -, 㭪 FN ()
 ᯮ 㬥⮢,   ᪮  ⮬   易⥫쭮
ᯮ짮. -,  DEF  믮, 
᫥ 믮 ப 10,   室  믮 ப
40,  DEF   ⮫쪮 ஬,  . 
, 'X'  'Y' -  楫 ६  ணࠬ    
६  㬥⮢  㭪樨 FN P
    㭪  FN  P  ᯮ  ᫥  १  祭
㬥⮢ 'X' ,  'Y'  ६ 'A',  饩 㬥⮬.
,   FN P(2,3), 祭 A ࠢ 10,  ।-
  ணࠬ,   祭 'X'  'Y' ᮮ⢥⢥ 2  3, ⠪
  㬥  १ 㤥 10+2*3=18.
     ᫥ FN Q() 砢 ⮫쪮 ६  ணࠬ
⠪  㬥⮢ ,  ⢥  ⮬ 砥 㤥 10+0*0.
      ப 20      20 DEF FN P(X,Y)=FNQ()
 ⮬ 砥 FN P(2,3) 㤥  祭 10.
     ᨨ 몠 ᨪ  㭪樨 LEFT$, RIGHT$, TL$.
              LEFT$ (A$,N)-頥 ப, ᮤঠ 'N'
                            ᨬ ப'$';
              RIGHT$(A$,N)-頥 ப, ᮤঠ 'N'
                           ᫥ ᨬ  ப '$';
              TL$(A$)      -頥 ப,  ᮤঠ 
                            ᨬ ப '$', ஬ ࢮ.
      । ⠪ 㭪樨  ᢮ :
          
3#lP                              - 28 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT    


               10 DEF FN T$(A$)=A$(2 TO): REM TL$
               20 DEF FN L$(A$,N)=A$( TO N): REM LEFT$
    ஢  ࠡ  ப  0  1.

    ਬ砭: 㭪    26 ᫮ 㬥⮢   
                ⮦ ६  26 ப.





 10


           E                      F
          

⪮ ᮤঠ: **, PI, EXP, LN, SIN, COS, TAN, ASN, ACN, ATN

     ⮩  뢠 ⥬᪨ 㭪樨, 
  믮  ZX SPEKTRUM,  ,  
  ਤ ᯮ짮   ᫨   
᫨誮 ᫮묨,  ய  ,  ᪠
⭮  㭪: ** (  ⥯), EXP, LN,
ਣ᪨  㭪: SIN, COS, TAN,    :
ASN, ACS, ATN. **  EXP
   ᫮   ⥯ ⥬ ⭮
㬭  ᠬ  ᥡ 室 ᫮ ࠧ,  筮
ࠦ  ᫠ 襣 ⥯ ࠢ  
᫠ 饣 ᭮,  ⠪   㤭
ॠ   , ⮬ ⠬ ᯮ ᯥ樠
ᨬ (ࠢ  ५,   ᠭ 
 窠: '**'), ਬ ⥯  
।⠢                 
      
3#lP                              - 29 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                            2**1=2
                            2**2=2*2=4    (   )
                            2**3=2*2*2=8  (   㡥)
     ࠧ,  A* B 砥: ' 㬭 'A' ᠬ  ᥡ
'B' ࠧ,   ।,  'B' ⥫쭮 楫 ᫮ .
      宦  । ⮣ ⢨    㣨
祭 A  B,  襬 ࠦ:
                              A**(B+C)=A**B*A**C
       ,    ' **'    ᮪
ਮ,  祬 '*'  '/',     㢥७  ࠢ쭮
⮣ ࠦ ᫨ 'B'  'C' 楫 ⥫ ᫠,  ᫨
  ⠪,    -⠪ 訫 믮   ⥯,
    :       A**0=1
                              A**(-B)=1/(A**B)
                              A**(1/B)= B- ⥯  A
                              A**(B*C)=(A**B)**C
 , :         A**(-1)=1/A
                              A**(1/2)=SQR A
    ᯥਬ    ⨬,   ஡  믮   ⠪
ணࠬ:                    10 PRINT A, B, C
                              20 PRINT A**(B+C), A**B*A**C
                              30 GO TO 10
      ⠭  뢮   ᫠,  ᫨    ࠢ쭮,
筮 ࠫ ணࠬ,  ᫮ A, ,    -
⥫.
    㣮  ⨯  ਬ  ᯮ짮  ⮩   樨, 
᫥ 室. ।,      ᢮ 
 ⢥ ந⥫⢮,  ஥ ਭ  15%  ,
᫥   㤥  㦥  筮 100%  ⮣,   
砫,     15% 室,   ⠢ 115%,   ᫥
㣨 ᯮᮡ,  㬭  㬬   1.15  砥-
    १,    ᫥饣   ᭮  
ਡ,     㬬 ⠢ 1.15*1.15=1.15*2=1.3225   襩
ࢮ砫쭮 㬬,  ⮣ ᫥ Y   㤥  
1.15 **Y ࠧ  , 믮 :
      
3#lP                              - 30 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


           FOR Y=0 TO 100: PRINT Y,10*1,15**Y: NEXT Y
 㢨,  稭  10  ⮢    訩 
訩 室   ⠫.
     ⨯  㭪樨,  ᫥ 䨪஢ ᫠
ࢠ ६,  祭 㭪樨 ய樠  
㬭 ⮣ ᫠ ᠬ  ᥡ, 뢠 ᯮ樠
. ।  ᠫ:  10 DEF FN A(H)=A**H
 A ।   LET,   祭 । 
᫥ ⥯.
     । A,  ஥  㭪 FN A
饩  ᯥ樠 ⥬ 㭪,   祭
뢠 ''.
    ZX SPEKTRUM  ᯥ樠 㭪, 뢠 EXP  -
塞 .            EXP X = E** X
     ᮦ,  ''     ।  ᫮, 
 㢨     , 믮
                              PRINT EXP 1
⠪  EXP 1=**1=,  筮,    ࢮ ਡ,  
  ᬮ  '' ᮫⭮ 筮.

 LN
⭮  ᯮ樠쭮  䬨᪠ 㭪.
  ( ᭮ ) ᫠ X  ⥯,     
 , ⮡  X,  뢠 ⠪ LOG A X,
( ࠦ **LOGAX=X TAK  ୮   LOGA(A**X)=X)
         㦥 ⭮  ᯮ    
᭮ 10  㬭, ⠪  뢠 騬.
ZX  SPEKTRUM   㭪 LN,        
᭮ '', 뢠 ࠫ,  ᫥ 䬠 
㣨  ᭮,   ࠧ ࠫ  ᪮
᫠  ࠫ  ᭮:
                               LOG X=LN X/LN A
   ⨬   ,     ਬ
( 㦭), 㬭    ᫮, 뢠 PI
  '',PI  ।⠢  ᪮筮  筮  ஡,
      
3#lP                              - 31 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


砫       3,141592653569...
  'PI'    ZX SPEKTRUM  砥    ᫮,.  믮,
ਬ:                        PRINT PI

SIN, COS, TAN,ASN, ACN, ATN
    ਣ᪨ 㭪樨   砨,  窠
६頥  㦭 筮 ࠤ, 窠 
  樨 3- ᮢ  ६頥 ⨢ ᮢ  ५,  -
砫 न 室  業 ⮩ 㦭, ⮣ SIN 㣫
  ࠤᮬ,  ᮥ騬   㦭    
砫  न,  㤥 न ⮩ 窨,    COS- ,
室  , ᫨ 窠 室 ᫥   XY,  
ᨭ  ⥫,   ᫨ 窠 室     X,  
⥫ ᨭ, 室 ⠪ , :
                        SIN(A+2*PI)=SINA
                        COS(A+2*PI)=COSA
      㣨 ਣ᪨ 㭪樨:
                        TAN- ⠭;
                        ASN- ᨭ;
                        ACS- Aપᨭ;
                        ATN- ⠭.
    ,  ZX SPEKTRUM ਣ᪨ 㭪樨  
ࠤ,    ॢ   ࠤᮢ  ࠤ 室  ᫮
ࠧ  180  㬭   PI,   ⭮ ८ࠧ-
 室 ࠧ  PI  㬭  180.
      
3#lP                              - 32 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 11

                  E               F
                 

⪮ ᮤঠ: RANDOMIZE,RND.

     ⮩  뢠 㭪 RND  祢 ᫮  RANDO-
MISE,    ,    ᯮ   '',
 RANDOMIZE ⨬ ᮪饭 RAND.
     饭  㭪樨 RND,  頥 砩 ᫮ 
ࢠ  0  1 ( ਭ 祭 0,   1)
஡ 믮:      10 PRINT RND
                           20 GO TO 10
 㢨   १.
    ᪨  RND  ᮫⭮ 砩 ᫮,   롨ࠥ 
।  ᫥⥫쭮    65536  ᥫ,  ⮬
筮   RND -ᥢ砩 ᫮.
     祭 砩 ᫠  ࢠ ⫨筮  0,
 ᯮ짮 ࠦ, ਬ:
                           1.3+0.7*RND
 ࢠ  1,3  2.
     祭 砩 楫 ᥫ ᯮ 㭪
                 1+INT(OND*N)        N  ᫮
ਬ         1+INT(RND*6) 1,2,3,4,5,6.
      ணࠬ:   10 REM DICE THROWING PROGRAM
                                      ( 뢠 )
                               20 CLS
                               30 FOR N=1 TO 2
                               40 PRINTINT(RND*6;";)
                               50 NEXT N
                               60 INPUT A$: GO TO 20
  ENTER,    ࠧ 㤥   믠訩  
.
    ⢥ত  RANDOMIZE  ᯮ  ⠭  砫
      
3#lP                              - 33 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
᫥⥫쭮  砩 ᥫ  㭪樨  RND,  K  
㢨  ணࠬ:            10 RANDOMIZE 1
                                 20 FOR N=1 TO 5:PRINT RND:NEXT N
                                 30 PRINT : GO TO 10
᫥  믮 RANDOMIZE 1 砩 ᫥⥫쭮
㤥 稭  ᫠ 0,0022735596.  ⢥ত RANDOMIZE 
 ᯮ짮  ᫠  ࢠ  1  65635, 
ᯮ짮  RANDOMIZE  ᫠   ⠪ RANDOMIZE 0,  ਬ
 ணࠬ:                10 RANDOMIZE
                                  20 PRINT RND: GO TO 10
     樨 㤥     砩  ᫮.  
襭 砩 ।   GO TO 20.
      ,  設⢮  ᨩ ᨪ ᯮ RND  
RANDOMIZE  樨 砩 ᥫ,      ⢥
 ਬ.
      ਢ  ⥪ ணࠬ  饩  뢠
   ᫠ 믠 'ૠ'  '誨'.
(ॢ  ணࠬ: HEADS-, TAILS- 誨, COIN- )
                   10 LET HEADS=0: LET TAILS=0
                   20 LET COLN=INT(RND*2)
                   30 IF COLN=0 THEN LET HEADS=HEADS+1
                   40 IF COIN=1 THEN LET TAILS=TAILS+1
                   50 PRINT HEADS:',':TAILS
                   60 IF TAILS <> 0 THEN PRINT HEADS/TAILS
                   70 PRINT: GO TO 20
᫨  ணࠬ 믮 筮 ,   ⭮襭 ' -
'  '誠' ਡ⥫쭮 ࠢ 1.
      
3#lP                              - 34 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 12

                          E      F
                         

⪮ ᮤঠ: DIM

    ⨬    ᯨ᮪  ᥫ, -  ࠧ
뢠  10 祫,        ,  
  㤥   ६    祫,    
㤮 ,  ⠪  室   ,  뢠 
ࠧ  ६,ਬ BLOGGS1, BLOGGS2  .. BLOGGS10.
K  㤮   㡥  ணࠬ:
                      5 REM THIS PROGRAMM WILL NOT WORK
                     10 FOR N=1 TO 10
                     20 READ BLOGGSN
                     30 NEXT N
                     40 DATA 10, 2, 5, 19, 16, 3, 11, 1, 0, 6
     ᯥ樠    ,   ਬ-
  ᨢ,  ६  ᨢ     ⠬,
  騬    ࠧ ⮫쪮 ஬  뢠
᫥  (ᮬ).
     襬 ਬ  㤥  (  ࠢ騬  ६
  FOR-NEXT  ⢥ত,   ᨢ   㭨  
 ணࠬ),   ६묨   B(1), B(2)  ..
 B(10).
     ᨢ 뢠 㥬묨 ६묨.  ।
ᯮ짮  ᨢ 室 १ࢨ஢     -
,     DIM ( ᪮ DIMENSION).
  襬  砥  㤥  DIM B(10),  ।
ᨢ   B  ࠧ୮ 10( . 10 㥬 ६-
 B(1), B(2), ......B(10)  ᢠ ᥬ ⠬ ᨢ
祭 0.
    ⠪, ⥯   :
          
3#lP                              - 35 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                        10 FOR N=1 TO 10
                        20 READ B(N)
                        30 NEXT N
                        40 DATA 10, 2, 5, 19, 3, 11, 1, 0, 5
     ⠪  ᨢ   祬  ࠧ୮
ਬ    嬥୮ ᨢ      ࠢ  
஬ ப,  ன  樥  ப, ⠪ ᨢ -
 ࠭,  ᫨   ७   ࠭,
 ᨢ 㤥 뢠   :
            ( ࠭,  ப,  ⮫)
   嬥 ᨢ 'C'  ࠧ୮ 3  5:
                           DIM C(3,5)
    3*5=15 㥬 ६:
                           C(1,1), C(1,2).........C(1,5)
                           C(2,1), C(2,2).........C(2,5)
                           C(3,1), C(3,2).........C(3,5)
      ⠪ ப ᨢ, ப  ⠪ ᨢ
⫨   ᪠ ⥬,    䨪஢  ,  
ᢠ    祭  ⢫  祭  ࠢ  
     ஡.    ப  ᨢ
ࠧ    ࠢ      ᯥ樠쭮  ᨬ,
ભ⮩ 㪢 S(   ᠭ   '$').
    ⨬   室  ᨢ $  5 ப   10
ᨬ  ,    :
                             DIM A$(5,10)
⥯     楫  ⤥쭮 ப, ⠪ 
  ᨬ  ப:  $(1)=$(1,1)$(1,2)...$(1,10)
                             $(2)=$(2,1)$(2,2)...$(2,10)
 ........................
                             $(5)=$(5,1)$(5,2)...$(5,10)
  ⠪ ᬠਢ  ப ᨢ   ᨢ
ᨬ.      ᨢ $(,7),      ⠪
(2)(7). ᫥ ணࠬ:
                             10 LET A$(2)='1234567890'
                             20 PRINT A$(2),A$(2,7)
      
3#lP                              - 36 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

                             
 '123456789 7'
     ᯮ짮 ⠪ 祭 ᨢ:
                              $(2,4  8)=$(2)(4  8)='45678'
    ,   ப ᨢ  ப  䨪஢-
  ,     । ᫥  ᫮  ࠧ୮
ᨢ   DIM,  ᫨   ᨢ,   
। ᨢ ᨬ: DIM A$(10).





 13

              E                   F
             
             
⪮ ᮤঠ: AND, ON NOT.

᫨  ﭥ  ᠭ  쥩   
᫮ THEN  㢨,  '᫮' 뢠 ⭮襭ﬨ
(=,<,>,>=,<=,<>, 뢠騬  ᫠  ப, ᤥ 
⠪ ᯮ짮 ᪨ 樨 AND(), OR(),  NOT().
    ஥ ࠦ '', ஥ 㣮 ࠦ ⨭.
᫨ ⨭   ࠦ , ਬ:
                     IF$='YES' AND X>0 THEN PRINT X
'X' 㤥 ⠭ ⮫쪮 ⮣, 
                     $='YES'  X>0
    ஥ ࠦ '', ஥ 㣮 ࠦ ⨭
᫨  ⨭         ࠦ.  ''  ࠦ
⨭, ᫨  ᠬ ࠦ  .
    OR  訩 ਮ, ⥬  AND, ⥬ NOT.
    ᫮'<>' ⭮  ᪮ ᫥ ᫮ '=',  :
                      <>B ⮦,   NOT =B
                      NOT A<>B ⮦,   A=B
      
3#lP                              - 37 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

                      
    ⥬,   ᫮⥩, ᫥騥 ࠧ  
     1.  ᫮  =,<,>,<=,>=,<>   ᫮ १  1  
         ⨭  0  '1=2', ஥   1 DLQ '1<>2',
         KOTOROE ⨭.
      2.    'IF ᫮ THEN ....', ᠬ ᫮ 
           ᫮  ࠦ,   ᫨    祭  ᫥
         ᫥ ࠢ 0,   ⠥,  , ᫨ 㣮
         祭  (  1),   ⠥     ⨭,
         ⠪ ࠧ IF   ।⠢:
                        IF ᫮ <> 0 奭...
    樨 AND,OR,NOT  ⠪   ᫮ ࠦ:
         X AND Y  祭 X, ᫨ Y^=0  0, ᫨ =0
         X OR  Y  祭 1, ᫨ Y^=0  X, ᫨ =0
         NOT   Y  祭 0, ᫨ Y^=0  1, ᫨ Y=0
ਬ:               10 INPUT A
                        20 INPUT B
                        30 PRINT(A AND A>B)+(B AND A<B)
                        40 GO TO 10
  樨 㤥 뢮 襥   ᥫ   B,
    ਬ ᯮ짮 OR:
          LET  TOTAL  PRICE=PRICE  LESS TAX=(1,15  OR  Y$='  ZERO
RATED'
 ᫮ ࠦ   ⠪ ᯮ짮 ᨬ ப ,
 ⮫쪮  樥 AND:
          X$ AND Y  祭 X$, ᫨ Y^=0,  ", ᫨ Y=0
 " -  ப.
    믮 ᫥ ணࠬ,     ப,  
⥬ 뢮   䮢⭮ 浪:
          10 INPUT "TYPE IN TWO STRINGS""A$,B$
          20 IF A$>B$ THEN LET C$=A$: LET A$=B$: LET B$=C$
          30 PRINT A$, " ;("<" AND A$<B$)+("=" AND A$=B$)
          40 PRINT "  ";B$
          50 GO TO 10
      
3#lP                              - 38 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 14

                 E              F
                

⪮ ᮤঠ: CODE, CHR$, POKE, PEEK, CSR, BIN.

    㪢, ,  㭪樨  ᨬ 
ࠧ 䠢   ᨬ, ᯮ㥬 ஬,
⤥ ᨬ 뢠 , ࠧ 楫 ᫮,
ਬ:
PRINT, STOP  ..
      ZX SPEKTRYM ᯮ 256 ᨬ     0
 255,    ਢ  ਫ ,   ८ࠧ 
ᨬ쭮     ७      㦠  
㭪樨 CODE  CHR$.
    CODE  ਬ  ப ᨬ  頥  ७
  ।⠢ ࢮ ᨬ  ப  0,  ᫨  ப
.
    CHR$ ਬ    頥  ᨬ,   
ண ।⠢ ⨬ ᫮.
      ணࠬ  뢮    ⮡ࠦ  ᨬ
:
         10 FOR A=32 TO 255: PRINT CHR$ A;:NEXT A
      ᨬ (஬    ''  㦮窥) ࠧ
 ASCII (AMERICAN STANDART CODES FOR INFORMATION INTERCHAN)
    騥 ᨬ  室  ASCII,  ᯮ  ZX
SPECTRUM,     15 ୮- 窮, 뢠
᪨ ᨬ  ᯮ㥬  ࠦ 㭪.  
    ᯮ ⠪ 뢠, ᪨
०, ᫨   GRAPHICS (CAPS SHIFT 9), TO 
  'G', ⥯ ஢   1  8 뤠
᪨ ᨬ , 祭  ,  ᫨  ⮬
㤥ন SHIFT   뤠  ᨬ, ..  ୮
⠭    .
      
3#lP                              - 39 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    ᨬ   SHIFT,  K  ன '9' ᯥ稢  
  筮 ० ( 'L'- ),   '0'
㭪 DELETE. ᫥ ᪨ ᨬ   ᯮ-
  ᨬ  䠢    U,  ᪨  祭  
  । ᠬ 짮⥫,   ⥬ ᯮ짮
   ᪮ ०,  । 䨪   襩
ந㥬   ਬ । 㪢 ᪮ 䠢
''.
    1.    ᨬ  ।⠢  窠      8X8,
        ⮬  砫 ⨬ ࠬ, ਢ  -
        㭪,    ⠢   ⪥  ਬ  ᨬ
         ⤥   ᥤ .
    2.  ९  ᨬ  襩 'P', ⠪, ⮡  
        ⨨  䨪 뤠 ᨬ ''.
        Ŀ
                                
        Ĵ
                                
        Ĵ
                          ***   
        Ĵ
              ************      
        Ĵ
           ***   ***   ***      
        Ĵ
                 ***   ***      
        Ĵ
                 ***   ***      
        Ĵ
                                
        

    3.    ணࠬ㥬    ࠦ,    ।塞
          짮⥫ ᨬ     ,
             ,     ᯮ
      
3#lP                              - 40 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

          
          㭪 BIN  祭 ன 0 ⮩ 窨  1
          襭 窨.
               BIN 00000000
               BIN 00000000
               BIN 00000010
               BIN 00111100
               BIN 01010100
               BIN 00010100
               BIN 00010100
               BIN 00000000

      ᥬ   ᥫ        쬨
祩,      ᢮ ,   襣 ᨬ
 ࢮ  쬨 ⮢   㯯 㤥 USR "P",  ன
   CSR "P"+1  ..  CSR "P"+7.
    USR=  㭪 ८ࠧ ப ᨬ    ࢮ
  ப,  ப 㬥  ᮤঠ  ⢥
ᨬ,   㤥  ᨬ ।塞 짮
,    㣨 ਬ 㭪樨 USR  ᫮ 㬥
⮬,   ⮬ .
    ᭨  ᪠ ணࠬ:
    
              10 FOR N=0 TO 7
              20 INPUT ROW :POKE USR"P"+N:ROW
              30 NEXT N

  ணࠬ  8  ᥫ,  ।  䨪
ᨬ, ९  襩  'P'.
      'POKE' 뢠  ।⢥   ,
   ᨪ.   'POKE 
 'PEEK',  㦨  ⮡ࠦ ᮤন 
 ,   ⮬ ஡ 㤥    24.
      
3#lP                              - 41 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                       ᪨ ᨬ

      ᨬ                    ᨬ          

   Ŀ                      Ŀ
                  128     <G> 8    **********    143 <G> SH8
                                   **********
                                   **********
                                   **********
                         
   Ŀ                      Ŀ
        *****      129    <G> 1    *****         142  <G> SH1
        *****                      *****     
                                   **********
                                   **********
                         
   Ŀ                      Ŀ
   *****           150   <G> 2          *****    141 <G> SH2
   *****                                *****
                                   **********
                                   **********
                         
   Ŀ                      Ŀ
   **********      131   <G> 3                   140 <G> SH3
   **********                                
                                   **********
                                   **********
                         
   Ŀ                      Ŀ
                   132   <G> 4     **********    139 <G> SH4
                                   **********
        *****                      *****     
        *****                      *****     
                         
         
3#lP                              - 42 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                       ᪨ ᨬ

      ᨬ                    ᨬ          

   Ŀ                      Ŀ
        *****      133   <G> 5     *****         138 < G> SH5
        *****                      *****     
        *****                      *****     
        *****                      *****     
                         
   Ŀ                      Ŀ
   *****           134   <G> 6          *****    137 <G> SH6
   *****                                *****
        *****                      *****     
        *****                      *****     
                         
   Ŀ                      Ŀ
   **********        135   <G> 7                 136 <G> SH7
   **********                                
        *****                      *****     
        *****                      *****     
                         

    ୥  ,       
 0  32,   ࠢ騥 ᨬ,   ⮡ࠦ, 
   ࠭ ⥫ ⮡ࠦ  '7'.  祭  
ᨬ ᠭ  ਫ A.
    ᨬ   6, 8, 13  ᯥ樠쭮 祭 
ࠡ  ⥫஬.
    CHR$ 6 ⠥ ஡, ᯮ㥬    
PRINT:
                                      PRINT 1: CHR$ 6:2
 ⦥ १   :  PRINT 1,2
   ᮢᥬ ४⭮ ᯮ짮, ୥ 㤥 ᤥ
      
3#lP                              - 43 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                  10 LET A$="1"+CHR$ 6+"2"
                  20 PRINT A$
    CHR$  8  -   ᨬ ,  ᯥ稢     
 ,                PRINT "1234";CHR$ 8;"5"
 ப: '1235'.
    CHR$ 13 - ॢ ப, த 뢮   ப.
  ⥫஬ ⠪ ᯮ ᨬ   16  23   
⮬ ਬ   15, 16.
     ᨬ ᯮ   ⠡  䠢⭮ -
  ⠭ ,  祬  ய 㪢  ᯮ
᫥ , ⠪,  '' ᫥ ᫥ 'Z'.
                 CHR$ 3+"ZOOLOGIKAL GARDENS"
                 CHR$ 8+"AARDYARK HURTING"
                 "(PARENTHETICAL REMARK)"
                 "100"
                 "129,95 INC,YAT"
                 "AASYOGEL"
                 "AARDYARK"
                 "PRINT"
                 "ZOO"
                 "LINTERPOLATIONJ"
                 "AARDYARK"
                 "AASYOGEL"
                 "ZOO"
                 "ZOOLOGU"
     ࠢ  ஬   ப,᭠砫
ࠢ    ᨬ ᫨   ࠧ,    ப,
ᮤঠ  ᨬ   訬    '襩',    ᫨
ࠢ  롨ࠥ  ࠢ ᫥  ᨬ, ⠪ 
    ᮢ騥 ᨬ,     
ப  ,   㤥 襩,  ⨢ 砥 ப
 ࠢ묨.
    ⭮襭 =,<,>,<=,>=,<> ਬ  ப ᨬ ⠪
    ᫠:   '<' 砥' 室  ।  
⠡', '>' - '室 ', ⠪,  ࠦ
      
3lP                              - 44 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                    "AAMAN" < "AARDYARK"
                    "AARDYARK" > "AAMAN "   ⨭.
     樨 ᥣ ᪠ ਢ ணࠬ,  
  ப,  ⥬ 뢮   㯮冷祭 :
            10 INPUT "TYPE IN TWO STRING ", A$,B$
            20 IF A$>B$ THEN LETT C$=A$:LET A$=B$:LETB$=C$
            30 PRINT A$;"  ";
            40 IF A$<B$ THEN PRINT " < ";: GO TO 60
            50 PRINT " = "
            60 PRINT "  ";B$
            70 GO TO 10
      ணࠬ  ९  ।  짮⥫
ᨬ    嬠  蠬:
                     F -  誮;   (POWN)
                     R -  쥩;   (ROCK)
                     N -  ;    (KNIGHT)
                     B -  ᫮;   (BISHOP)
                     K -  ஫   (KING)
                     Q -  ஫ (QUEEN)
       5 LET B=BIN 01111100:LET S= BIN 00111000:
         LET D=BIN 00010000
      10 FOR N=1 TO 6 : READ P$: REM 6 PIECES
      20 FOR N=1 TO 7 :REM READ PIECE INTO 8 BUTES
      30 READ A: POKE USR$ P$+1,A
      40 NEXT F
      50 NEXT N
     100 REM BISHOP
     110 DATA "B", 0, D, BIN 00101000, BIN 01000100
     120 DATA BIN 01101100,C,B,0
     130 REM KING
     140 DATA "K",0,D,C,D
     150 DATA C, BIN 01000100,C,0
     160 REM ROCK
     170 DATA  "R ",0, BIN 01010100
     180 DATA C,B,B,0
     190 REM QUEEN
     200 DATA "Q" ,0, BIN 01010100, BIN 00101000,D
     210 DATA BIN 01101100,B,B,0
     220 REM POWN
     230 DATA "P",0,0,D,C
     240 DATA C,D,0,0
     250 REM KNIGHT
     260 DATA "K",0,D,C, BIN 01111000
     270 DATA BIN 00011000,C,B,0
      
3#lP                              - 45 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 15

                   E⥫ ᢥ 
                     PRINT  INPUTF
                   

⪮ ᮤঠ: CLS, PRINT - ࠬ: ⢨ ,
                    ࠦ (᫮  ப);
                    TAB ᫮ ࠦ, AT ᫮  ࠦ,
                    PRINT ࠧ⥫:",",";","'",
                    INPUT - ࠬ,
                    LINE 筠 ६,
                    SCREEN$ - ᢥ⪠

    ࠦ,  祭  ᯮ    PRINT,
뢠 PRINT-ࠬࠬ,  ࠧ 묨  窮
 ⮩, 뢠묨 PRINT-ࠧ⥫ﬨ.
      PRINT  ⢨  ࠬ஢, 
⮬ 砥 ⠢   .
                       PRINT AT 11,16;"*"
뢥 '*'  । ࠭.
                     AT 'ப', '⮫'
  ࠬ  ६頥  뢮   ,  ।塞
஬ ப  ⮫,  ப   0 ()  
21,   ⮫  0 ()  31,
     SKREEN$,  ⢨ ⨢ ⢨ -
 PRINT AT,  ᯮ   ࠬ,  ப 
⮫   祭 뢠  ᪮.
  SCREEN$ ᮮ頥   ᨬ 室  ࠭ 
㪠 樨. 믮: PRINT SCREEN$ (11,16)
 稬 '*' 뢥 ।騬 ஬.
     ⢥ 頥 祭  ᯮ짮  -
⭮-஢ ᨬ, ᯥ樠 ᨬ, ஡, ,
ᮢ   ஢: PLOT, DRAW, CIRCLE, ।-
 짮⥫ ᨬ  ᪨ ᨬ, 頥 
      
3#lP                              - 46 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 ப.
 ,  㭪 OVER ᯮ  祭 ஢-
 .
   TAB '⮫'
  ࠬ ६頥 樨 뢮  㪠 ⮫  ⮩
 ப,  室   ப, ᫨ ⮫  ᫥-
.
       㬥蠥  樨   32
(..   32  ᯮ ⮪).  'TAB 33' ࠢ-
 'TAB 1'.  ਬ:
PRINT TAB 30,1;TAB12;"CONTENTS";AT 3,1;"CHAPTER"; TAB 24;" PAGE"
뢥  ࠭   ࢮ ࠭ .
ᬮਬ ਬ 騩 㬥襭   32:
                        10 FOR N=0 TO 20
                        20 PRIN TAB 8*N;N
                        30 NEXT N
     來 ਬ 砥    ப 20  '8'
 '6'. ᪮쪮 砭:
1)   ᬮ७ ਬ  ⢥ ࠭⥫ ᯮ짮-
    ';',  ᯮ짮 ',' (  祣)
     ⮬ 室 ᫥  ⠭ ⥪饩 樨 .
2)   ᯮ짮  뢮   ப ࠭  ..
     ᯮ  祭 ஬ INPUT , ᫥
    ᯮ㥬 ப - 21.
3)   ᯮ짮 ࠬ   ⠭ 樨 뢮  
     ,  㦥  뢥 ଠ,  ⮬ 
     ᨬ 㭨⮦ .
       ஬ ᯮ㥬 ᮢ⭮  PRINT  
CLS,  ந  ࠭  ࠬ CLEAR  9.
       ᥣ ࠭ ந室  ᢥ⪠,    ⮬
 㡥 த:
              CLS: FOR N=1 TO 22: PRINT N: NEXT N
   믮 'PRINT 99' ஥ ⢮ ࠧ,    -
ਠ  ⠭ 뢮,  ᬮ ⥪, ⮡ 㡥 
⮬ 믮:
      
3#lP                              - 47 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


              CLS: FOR N=1 TO 100: PRINT N: NEXT N
K ࠭ , 뢮 ⠭     ࠭
 : "SCROLL Y", ᫥ ᬮ  "Y" ()
뢮 म,  ⥫ ⢥ 'N' ()
(SYMBOL SHIFT  A )  SPACE (BREAK),  ᫥ 砥 -
 ⠭ ணࠬ  뤠 ᮮ饭: 'D BREAK-CONT REP?
     INPUT ᯮ   ࠧ 祭,
ਬ:
              INPUT "NO" OLO ARE YOU?", AGE
 뢥  ࠭ (  ) ,   ⢥ 
    ᢮ .
᪨ INPUT ᮤন   ࠬ,   PRINT, ⠪ "HOOLD
ARE  YOU?"  "AGE"   ࠬࠬ INPUT,    -
   ⫨.
    ࢮ:  ⥫ ࠬ-६ 祭 -
ன   ᢮ ( 襬 ਬ 'AGE')
    ஥:     뢮 祭 ६,    
, 稢   ⮣  ᪮.
ਬ:
           LET MY AGE=INT(RND*100):
           INPUT("I AM, MU AGE;",');"HOW OLD ARE YOU?, YOUR AGE
祭  'MY AGE' 뤠 ,  祭 'YOUR AGE' 
  ᠬ,     뤠 ஢  INPUT  ந室  ᢥ⪠
࠭, ᬮਬ ਬ ᯮ짮 'AT'  INPUT :
           10  INPUT "THIS IS LINE 1",  A$;AT 0,0;" THIS LINE  IS
               0", A$; AT 2,0;" THIS IS LINE 2", A$;AT 1,0;
               "THIS IS STILL LINE 1"A$
  "THIS  IS  LINE 2" 㤥 뢥,    ப  ⠭
ᤢ , ᢮   㬥樨 .
    믮:
      10 FOR N=0 TO 19: PRINT AT N,0;N;NEXT N
      20 INPUT AT 0,0;A$;AT 1,0;A$;AT 2,0;A$;AT 3,0;A$;AT 4,0;A$
  ଠ 筥 ᬥ   ⢨ ஢
PRINT ந ᢥ⪠ ࠭.   ࠬ஬  
INPUT  LINE,   ।祭    -
      
3#lP                              - 48 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


, ᬮਬ ਬ:
                INPUT LINE A$
᫨     ६  ப 祪,
    祭 㤥 ᢮ $,  ⨬,       
ᯮ짮 ࠬ LINE  ᫮ ६.
    ࠢ騥  ᨬ CHR$22  CHR$23 믮 㭪樨 -
 ࠬࠬ TAB  AT.
  २⢮  ⮨   ⮬      ᯮ짮  
६,   TAB  AT  ,  ࠢ騥 ᨬ-
  ࠡ뢠   ᫠.   AT   ࠢ騩
ᨬ CHR$22, ࢮ 祭 । ப, ஥ ⮫:
                 PRINT CHR$22+CHR$1+CHR$C
         PRINT AT 1,;
 祭 ࠬ஢ ᬠਢ ⮫쪮 CHR$1  CHR$C
(CHR$22  뢠).
      TAB  ࠢ騩  ᨬ  CHR$23,  祭
  ࠬ஢ 室  ।  0  65535
                 PRINT CHR$23+CHR$A+CHR$B
 ,       PRINT TAB A+256*B
      ᯮ짮 POKE  ⠭ ,
訢饣 ᢥ, 믮:
                POKE 23692,255
  ⠭ ᢮稢 ࠭   255  ࠧ, ०-
祬  ᢥ, ⠪ ਬ :
                       10 FOR N=0 TO 10000
                       20 PRINT N: POKE 23692,255
                       30 NEXT N
 ᫥ ᪮쪮 ᢥ⮪ ᤥ .
㥬 ᫥ ணࠬ ஢  ⠡ 㬭
                      10 LET A$= " "
                      20 LET A=INT(RND*12)+1;LET B=INT(RND*12)+1
                      30 INPUT(A$)' ' WHAT IS";(A);"*";(B);"?";C
                     100 IF C=A*B THEN LET A$="RIGHT": GO TO 20
                     110 LET A$="WRONG, TRU AGAIN,": GO TO 30

      
3#lP                              - 50 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


  ᪮쪮   ணࠬ,  ⠪ ⮡     ⢥
  뫮  㧭 ,   ਬ  訢  ᪮쪮
㤥  2*3,    ⢥   2*3  砥  ,  
⮣   30 ப 'C'  'C$',   100 ப  'VAL C$'
 ⥫쭮  ப:
                       40 IF C$< > STR$ VAL C$ THEN LET N$= "TYPE
                          IT PROPERLU, AZNUMBER,": GO TO
 ᪫祭 ᪠  'C$'  ப 30  'LINE C$'





 16

                            E    F
                           

⪮ ᮤঠ: INK,PAPER,FLASH,BRIGHT,INVERSE,OVER,BORD

    믮 ᫥ ணࠬ:

                    10 FOR M=0 TO 1: BRIGHT M
                    20 FOR N=1 TO 10
                    30 FOR C=0 TO 7
                    40 PAPER C:PRINT"";REM 4 COLOURED SPACES
                    50 NEXT C. NEXT N: NEXT M
                    60 FOR C=0 TO 1: BRIGHT M: PAPER 7
                    70 FOR C=0 TO 3
                    80 INK C:PRINTC;"    ";
                    90 NEXT C:PAPER 0
                   100 FOR C=4 TO 7
                   110 INK C: PRINT C"    ";
                   120 NEXT C:NEXT M
                   130 PAPER 7: INK 0: BRIGHT 0
      
3#lP                              - 50 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 த   뢮 ஬ ZX  SPEC
TRUM   梥⭮ ⥫ 쬨 梥⮢ (   )
  ஢ મ,  ᫨ ⥫ ୮-,    㢨
ࠧ ࠤA樨 ண 梥.
      ஢ 梥⮢:
                            0-
                            1-ᨭ
                            2-
                            3-䨮⮢
                            4-
                            5-㡮
                            6-
                            7-
  ୮- ⥫   ।⠢ ᮡ ᫥-
⥫쭮 室  ⮭  ୮  .
     ᯮ짮 梥⮢ ᭨ ஥ ᪮ ࠭.
 ⮨  768 権 (24 ப  32 ),  
 ।⠢  ᥡ  5  8 ᥫ, ᯮ
                          0- 窠
                          1-ୠ 窠
  ᨬ () ⠪ ᬠਢ    -
権:  INK-梥 ⮭,  PAPER-梥 䮭. ..  ⮨ 
INK   PAPER (㭮  㬠),   ⠪    INK  
PAPER  筮  襭 મ,   ⠪    -
 .    ஢:
    1)   ( 8  8 ᥫ)  ᨬ ।
  襭 窨( 0  1 ), 梥 䮭  ⮭ ।-
 PAPER  INK;
    2) 梥 䮭  ⮭   0  7 ;
    3) મ:  0 - 筠,   1 - 襭;
    4) 栭: 0 - ﭭ, 1 - 栭.
⨬,          64 ᥫ     
⠭   梥  䮭   梥  ⮭.
   ⭮   મ,     栭,  梥,  મ  
栭     (   ⤥쭮 ᥫ) 
      
3#lP                              - 51 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


  ਡ⠬,    ਡ⮢ ।-
  COLOR, BRIGHT, FLASH.
믮:
          PAPER 5
 ࠭ 㤥 㡮 䮭 (.. 5 -  㡮 梥).
    ଠ ஢:
          PAPER  ᫮  0  7
          INK    ᫮  0  7
          BRIGHT ᫮ 0  1 (0-몫. 1-.)
          FLASH  ᫮ 0  1 (0-몫. 1-.)
⬥⨬   ᯮ짮 ᥫ ,  祬  㪠뢠  
⨬,   㣮 䥪.
 ਬ '8'  ᯮ짮     
।⢮,  饥  ।  祭 ࠭  ⠭
ਡ⮢.    PAPER 8   梥 䮭 (.. ⠪ 梥
),    ᭨ 祭 ।饣  PAPER.  
INK 8, BRIGHT 8, FLASH 8 뤠 祭  ਡ⮢.
"9"    ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  INK  PAPER,    ।⢮
"", 梥 INK  PAPER   ᯮ  
  , ⠪   梥 室 ⥬ ⮭:
,  ᨭ,  ,  䨮⮢;   ୮ 梥  室
ᢥ ⮭: , 㡮, , .
           INK 9: FOR C=0 TO 7: PAPER C: PRINT C: NEXT C
M  ணࠬ 뤠  ࠭ ᯫ 梥 -
:
   INK 9:PAPER 6:PRINT AT 0,0;:FOR N=1 TO 1000:PRINT N;:NEXT N
 䮭 㤥 ⥭ 梥 ⮭   뢮 樨.
⭮ ⥫ ஥  ᯮᮡ 祫᪮ 
ਭ ⮫쪮  ࢨ 梥: ᨭ, , .
㣨  梥 ࠧ   ⠭,   ਬ,  䨮⮢
梥 ࠧ,   ᨭ   ( 䨮⮢
梥 '3',   㬬  ᨭ '1'  ᭮ '2').
  ᥬ 梥⮢   ⪥ ࠭   ..
 㤥 ⥬ ⭮,   ⠬,  梥 筮 뢠
    㣠   㢨 梥⮢  ,    ⢥  ਬ
      
3#lP                              - 52 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


믮  ணࠬ ( ⬥⨬,   INK 祭  ᯮ짮
SHIFT  8  G-०):

          10 BORDER 0:PAPER 0: INK 7: CLS
          20 FOR A=1 TO 6
          30 PRINT TAB 6; INK 1;" ()()...()()":REM 18 INK SQUARES
          40 NEXT A
          50 LET DATALINE=200
          60 GO SUB 1000
          70 LET DATALINE=210
          80 GO SUB 1000
          90 STOP
          200 DATA 2,3,7,5,4
          210 DATA 2,2,6,4,4
         1000 FOR A=1 TO 6
         1010 RESTORE DATALINE
         1020 FOR B=1 TO5
         1030 READ C: PRINT INK C; "()...()";: REM 6 INK SQUARES
         1040 NEXT B: PRINT :NEXT A
         1050 RETURN

  㭪 ATTP,   ।   ਡ
뫨   権 ࠭.   ᫮ 㭪,   㤥
ᬮ७   .
:  INVERSE   CVER  ࠢ ਡ⠬,    ⥬  
 । ᯮᮡ 뢮  ࠭,    ᯮ-
 祭 ࠬ஢ '0'  '1', ᫨  :
          INVERSE 1,
  뢮  ᨬ   ᢮   (  뢮  㤥
⢫  ⨢ ࠦ).
  筮   襬   ,   ᭮   
୬.
     : OVER 1
⠭  ० ७ 뢮,   筮  ०  
뢮 ᨬ  , ⠪ ࠥ  뢥 ࠭
      
3#lP                              - 53 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 ७ 뢮  뢠 ᨬ   㣠.
  뢮 ⠢ ᨬ,  ਬ ⨫
⥪.
     ணࠬ  뢮 ᪮ :

                10 OVER 1
                20 FOR N=1 TO 32
                30 PRINT "O"; CHR$8;"""";
                40 NEXT N

।,  ࠢ騩 ᨬ CHR$8 頥   .
       ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮 INK  PAPER,  
   ࠬ PRINT,  筮 ⠪   ᯮ짮  
㣨  ᬮ७  ⮩ ,  ⬥⨢  ⮬  
 ⢨ ࠭ ⮫쪮   PRINT.  ਬ:
            PRINT PAPER 8; "X";: PRINT"Y"
⮫쪮 'X' 㤥 뢥   䮭.
INK  㣨       ࠭,  ।
祭     INPUT-,   梥⮢
 ⮩  ࠭ 㦨 : BORDER  '梥'.
஢ 梥⮢ ०,  栭  襭 મ.
   ⮣   ᯮ  ᮮ⢥騥  ࠬ      INPUT
( PRINT),  ࠬ     
    訢    .
믮:
         INPUT FLASH 1; INK 1; "WNAT IS YOUR NUMBER ?";N
       梥⮢    ࠢ  ᨬ,
 ࠢ騬 ᨬ  AT  TAB   15.

                    CHR$16 ᮮ⢥ INK
                    CHR$17   ----//----  PAPER
                    CHR$18   ----//----  FLASH
                    CHR$19   ----//----  BRIGHT
                    CHR$20   ----//----  INVERSE
                    CHR$21   ----//----  OVER
      
3lP                              - 54 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


Ŀ
    (K),(L),(G)            (G)                  (E)         
Ĵ
  SYMBOL CAPS                 CAPS  SYMB 
Ĵ
                     **** ****       䮭    ⮭   DEF  
  1     1   EDIT     **** ****     㡮㡮      
                          ********                     
                          ********                     
Ĵ
            CAPS  ****        ****                     
  2     @   LOCK  ****        ****   䮭    ⮭    FN  
                          ******** 멳멳      
                          ********                     
Ĵ
            TRUE ********            䮭    ⮭        
  3     *  VIDEO ********          䨮⮳䨮⮳  LIN 
                          ********               
                          ********                     
Ĵ
           INVENS         ********                     
  4     $   VIDEO         ********   䮭    ⮭        
                     **** ****     멳멳  OPE 
                     **** ****                         
Ĵ
               **** ****                         
  5     %       **** ****       䮭    ⮭   CLOS 
                     **** ****      ᨭ  ᨭ       
                     **** ****                         
Ĵ
           ****         ****                     
  6     &    ****         ****   䮭    ⮭    MOV 
                      ********               
                      ********                         
Ĵ
           ********                              
  7     ,   ********            䮭    ⮭   ERAS 
                      ********               
                      ********                         
Ĵ
                    ********                     
  8     (  ࠢ         ******** ଠ.ଠ.POINT 
                          ******** મ쳬栭.      
                          ********                     
Ĵ
           糣᪳᪳ .       CAT  
  9     )   ०  室    室  મ쳬栭.      
                                                       
Ĵ
                                     䮭  .      
 10     -  DELETE  DELETE   DELETE  멳 FORMAT
                                                       

      
3#lP                              - 55 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


⠪                 PRINT CHR$16+CHR$9;
 ,          PRINT INK 9;
 짮  ࠢ騬 ᨬ,  ࠬ.
  ⠢  ᫥  ப, ⠪    ப.
 㤮⢠  짮  ७ ० (E) ࠬ.
  0  7 ⠭ 梥 INK, ᫨ CAPS SHIFT , 
梥  PAPER,  ᫨  ,  ᫨     E-०,  
  뢥  CHR$17  CHR$  梥,  ᫨   ६  뫠
 CAPS SHIFT, TO  뢥: CHR$16  CHR$ K 梥.
᫨   㭨⮦ ,  DELETE  ࠧ,
᫥  ࢮ ࠧ  ࠭ ᢥ  ,    -
 ,  㣠   DELETE  ࠧ, ࠢ
஬ ⮦  ࠡ⠥  ᯮᮡ     
 멤  ।饬 ࠢ饬 ᨬ.

     ⢨  ७ ० (E);
                  8  CHR$19  CHR$0 - ଠ쭠 મ
                  9  CHR$19  CHR$1 - 襭 મ
     CAPS SHIFT  8  CHR$18  CHR$0 -  饥
     CAPS SHIFT  9  CHR$18  CHR$1 - 饥

     (L)- ०:
     CAPS SHIFT  3  CHR$20  CHR$0 -  뢮
     CAPS SHIFT  4  CHR$20  CHR$1 -  (⨢) 뢮

    㭪 ATTR  ᫥騩 ଠ:
            ATTR ('ப',' ⮫')
祭   ࠬ஢ 㭪樨  祭  ࠬ஢  
AT,  १ 믮  뢥 祭 ਡ⮢ 
ᮮ⢥饩  樨 ࠭,  뢮 १   ᫮,
।⠢饥 㬬  ᥫ:
     1) 128-᫨  饥, 0-᫨ 筮
     2)  64-᫨ 襭 મ,   0-᫨ 筠
     3)   8*  梥 䮭
     4)       梥 ⮭
      
3#lP                              - 56 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

     
ਬ:   饥, 筮 મ,  䮭, ᨭ
         ⮭     128+0+(8*6)+1=177
    ஢ਬ  믮:
PRINT AT 0,0;FLASH 1;PAPER 6; INK 1; " "; ATTR(0: INK, PAPE

    1)   PRINT "B"; CHR$8;OVER 1;"/";

 "/" ન "B", ⨬ ᯮᮡ  뢮 ᫮
஢   ZX SPEKTRUM:  䮭   ⮭ 
䮭,        ⮭,   ᭮ ᢮⢮,  ᫨  
 뢮  ᨬ ,    㤥 ⮡ࠦ.
     ᫨ :
            PRINT CHR$8;OVER 1;"/"
⥫쭮  ᠭ  ⢥ত ,     १
㢨  'B'  ભ⮥ '/', ⠪  ?

    2) 믮:  PAPER 0; INK 0

       ࠭?
  㢨 ᫨ :    BORDER 0?

    3) 믮 ணࠬ:
               10 POKE 22527+RND*704,RND*127
               20 GO TO 10

⮬ ணࠬ  ᬥ 梥⮢ , ।-
  ࠭ 砩 ࠧ,   㢨 ᬥ 梥⮢
   㯥,   ᫥⢨  ⮣    
 砩 ।, ஥  ਡ
ந 砩 ।.
      ,      LOAD ணࠬ  
嬠 䨣   14,    ணࠬ ࠧ  ࠭
 嬠 :
      
3#lP                              - 57 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


              5 REM DRAW BLANKBOARD
             10 LET BB=1; LET BW=2; REM RED AND BLUE FOR BOARD
             15 PAPER BW:INK BB: CLS
             20 PLOT 79, 128: REM BORDER
             30 DRAW 65,0 DRAW 0,-65
             40 DRAW-65,0: DRAW 0,65
             50 PAPER BB
             60 REM BOARD
             70 FOR N=0 TO 3: FOR M=0 TO 3
             80 PRINT AT 6+2*N,11+2*M; " "
             90 PRINT AT 7+2*N,10+2*M; " "
            100 NEXT M: NEXT N
            110 PAPER 8
            120 LET PW=6:LET PB=5:REM COLOURS OF WHITE AND BLA
                PIECES
            200 DIM B$(8,8):REM POSITIONS OF PIECES
            205 REM SET AP INITIAL POSITION
            210 LET B$(1)="RNBQKBNR":REM LITTLE LINE 240
            220 LET B$(2)="PPPPPPPP":REM LITTLE LINE 230
            230 LET B$(7)="PPPPPPPP":REM BIG LINE 220
            240 LET B$(8)"RNBQKBNR":REMBIG LINE 210
            300 REM DISPLAU BOARD
            310 FOR N=1 TO 8:FOR M=1 TO 8
            320 LET BC CODE " " THEN GO TO 350:REM SPACE
            330 IF BC>CODE "Z" THEN INK PB:LET BC-32:REM LO
                CASE FOR BLACK
            340 LET BC=BC+79:REM CONVERT TO GRAPHICS
            350 PRINT AT 5+N,9+M;CHR$BC
            360 NEXT  M:NEXT N
            400 PAPER 7: INK 0
      
3#lP                              - 58 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 17

                          E      F
                         

⪮ ᮤঠ:  PLOT, DRAW, CIRCLE, POINT

        뢠   ZX  SPEKTRUM  
⮡ࠦ ᪮ ଠ樨,  ࠭  ᮤন 22
ப  32 ᨬ  ,  ⠢ 2232=704 ᨬ-
 樨.    㦥 﫨  16 ,    ᨬ쭠
 ।⠢ ⮬ 88 祪, 뢠 ᥫﬨ.
    ᥫ     ᫠,    न⠬,  ࢮ
 न X, .. 㤠 ( ᥫ)   ࠭
࠭,  ஥  न Y,  㤠    ࠭
࠭, न 뢠   ᪮, ⠪ (0,0), (255,0),
(0,175)   (255,175)  ᮮ⢥⢥   ,  
ࠢ, 孨 ࠢ  孨  㣫 ࠭.
      PLOT X,U 뢠 ᢥ稢 訢騬 梥⮬
(INK) ᥫ  㪠묨 न⠬.
    ਬ ணࠬ:
                           10 PLOT INT(RND*256),INT(RND*176)
                           20 INPUT A$
                           30 GOTO 10

㤥 ᢥ稢  砩 ᥫ    ⨨
ENTER.
    E    ணࠬ, ਬ ᫥ ண-
  稢 䨪 㭪樨 SIN X,   X  ࢠ  0 
2*PI :
                            10 FOR N=0 TO 255
                            20 PLOT N,86+80*SIN(N/128*PI)
                            30 NEXT N
 ணࠬ:
      
3#lP                              - 59 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                            10 FOR N=0 TO 255
                            20 PLOT N,80*SQR(N/64)
                            30 NEXT N
  䨪 SQRX ( ࠡ)  ࢠ  0  4.
       न ᥫ ⫨  樨 ப
 権   AT.  ࠬ   15.
      ஥ ࠦ    
DRAW  CIRCLE.
     DRAW  ,   ଥ
                DRAW X,Y
砫    ᥫ,   ஬ 訫    
। ஢ PLOT,  DRAW  CIRCLE ( ᥫ -
 ⥪饩 PLOT- 樥,   RUN,  CLEAR, CLS,  NEW
⠭        㣮  ࠭),  ⠪  ࠧ
 DRAW    ࠢ 稢  ,  
  砫 .
    ᯥਬ  ⠪ :
                 PLOT  0,100:DRAW 80,-35
                 PLOT 90,150:DRAW 80,-35
       ⠪  梥,    ⮬    ,
  梥 ⠭  楫 ᨬ쭮 樨   
   ⤥쭮 ᥫ, ᫥ ணࠬ -
 :
           10 BORDER 0:PAPER 0:INK 7:CLS: REM BLACK OUT SCRKKN
           20 LET X1=0: LET Y1=0: REM START OF LINE
           30 LET C=1:REM FOR INK COLOUR, STARTING BLUE
           40 LET X2=INT(RND*256):LET Y2=INT(RND*176):REM RANDOM
              FINISH OF LINE
           50 DRAW INK C: X2-X1,Y2-Y1
           60 LET X1=X2:LET Y1=Y2:REM NEXT LINE STARTS WHERE LINE
              ONE FINISHED
           70 LET C=C+1: IF C=8 THEN LET C=1: REM NEW COLOUR
           80 GOTO 40
       ᯮ짮   PLOT  DRAW  ࠢ騥
ᨬ PAPER, INK, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE  OVER ⠪ ,   
      
3#lP                              - 60 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 PRINT  INPUT,  ࠢ訥 ᨬ 뢠 
祢 ᫮  न⠬  稢 ⮩   窮
 ⮩ (ᬮ ப 50).
      DRAW  ⠪  १ 㣨, ᯮ
 ⮣ ⥫쭮 ᫮ ( ࠤ) ⮩ 㣨:
                  DRAW X,Y,A
    ᫨  'A'  ⥫쭮  㣠 稢 ,    ᫨
⥫쭮,    ࠢ,   'A' ࠢ  2*PI  稢
 㦭, ਬ:
              10 PLOT 100,100: DRAW 50,50,PI
  㮪㦭  砫쭮 窮 (100,100)   筮
窮 (150,150), 稢 筥  ࠢ -⮪,
   ࠢ ᥢ-.
      CIRCLE 稢    न-
⠬  業  ࠤᮬ:
            CIRCLE X,Y, ࠤ
           PLOT  DRAW    㪠    ⮬
 ࠧ 梥.
    㭪 POINT 頥 ࠪ⨪ 梥   -
ᥫ, ਬ ப ணࠬ
             CLS:PRINT POINT(0,0):PLOT (0,0): PRINT POINT(0,0)
뢥: PAPER 7:INK0
    ᪠  ⠪   ࠢ騥 ᨬ INWERSE   
 PLOT,  㬮砭 । ࠢ묨 0 (⪫祭),
     1,  ⮬:
PLOT INWERSE 1 - ⠭   ᥫ 梥 䮭;
PLOT OVER 1    -  梥 ᥫ   ⨢,  ᫨
                  梥 ⮭,  ⠭ 梥 䮭  .
PLOT INWERSE 1;
OVER 1;        - ࠭ 梥 ᥫ  ,  
                  ⥪ PLOT .
    㣮 ਬ ᯮ짮 OVER     
               PLOT 0,0: DRAW OVER 1;255,175
稢   .
     ஡:
      
3#lP                              - 61 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
               PLOT 0,0;DRAW INWERSE 1;256,175
   
               DRAW OVER 1;-250,-175
    ⨭,  ⠪   祭  । ⠪  
 ᯮ     ᥫ.
      ᯮᮡ 祭  梥⮢    
ᯮ짮 ।塞 짮⥫ ᨬ, 믮 
ணࠬ:     1000 FOR N=0 TO 6 STEP 2
               1010 POKE USR "A"+N, BIN 01010101:
                    POKE SR "A"+N+1,BIN 10101010
               1020 NEXT N
  ।塞 짮⥫ ᨬ  嬠⭮  ᪨
  ९  襩 'A',   ᨬ  ᯮ
 訢騩 梥   梥 䮭,    ࠭ 
ᨬ 㤥  ࠭.
      ਬ,  ணࠬ,   ந 䨪 ன
㭪樨,         ⢥砥 ᫮ 'N'  騬
 祭 㬥 (.. 䨪 㤥 ந  -
 㬥    -N  +N),  ன ⢥  ࠦ-
   ᨬ쭮 ப 饩 㭪, ᯮ 'X' 
⢥ 㬥:
              10 PLOT 0,87:DRAW 255,0
              20 PLOT 127,0:DRAW 0,175
              30 INPUT S,B$
              40 FOR F=2 TO 255
              50 LET X=(F-128)*S/128:LET Y=VAL E$
              60 IF ABS Y>87 THEN LET T=0: GOTO 100
              70 IF NOT T THEN PLOT F,Y+88:LET T=1:GOTO 100
              80 DRAW 1,Y-OLDY
             100 LET OLDY=INT(Y+5)
             110 NEXT F
믮  10  ᫠ 'N'  '10*TAN X'  㭪樨,  㤥
祭 䨪 㭪樨 TG X  X 饬  -10  +10
      
3#lP                              - 62 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 18
                         E       F
                        
                        
⪮ ᮤঠ: PAUSE, INKEY$, PEEK

    ᫨   訫 ঠ 믮 ணࠬ    ஥
६,   ᫥ ᯮ짮       PAUSE N,
 ⠭ 믮 ணࠬ  ⮡ࠦ ⨭ 
祭  'N'  ⥫  ஢ ( 50 ஢  ய    60
஢  ਪ).   'N'     65535,   ⠢
 22 ,  ᫨ N=0,   砥,   PAUSE 
 ࠭祭  ६.
    믮 ணࠬ ᥣ      -
砭  ६,  ।   PAUSE,  ⨥ 
 ( ,  CAPS SHIFT 㤥 뢠 뢠).
    ਬ ணࠬ ஢ ᥪ㭤 ५ ᮢ:
        10 REM FIST WE DRAW THE CLOCK FASE
        20 FOR N=1 TO 12
        30 PRINT AT 10-10*COS(N/6*PI),16+10*SIN(N/6*PI);N
        40 NEXT N
        50 REM NOW WE START THE CLOCK
        60 FOR T=0 TO 200000:REM THIS THE TIME IN SECONDS
        70 LET A=T/30*PI:REM A IS THE ANCLE OF THE SECOND
           HAND IN RADIANS
        80 LET SX=80*SIN A:LET SY=80*COS A
       200 PLOT 128,88:DRAW OVER 1:SX,SY:REM DRAW SECOND HAND
       210 PAUSE 42
       220 PLOT 128,88:DRAW OVER 1;SX,SY:REM ERASE SECOND HAND
       400 NEXT T
       ⠭ ࠡ⠢ ਡ⥫쭮  55,5  ᮢ,
      ஬ 60,   210  ந
 ६,   ᤥ    PAUSE 50
(ய),    筮   ᥪ㭤,   ⮣    
竨 ६,  祭  믮 ⠫ ஢ ண-
      
3#lP                              - 63 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


ࠬ,  ᬠਢ  ਠ ᮢ ᯥ稢 2%- 筮
 묨 ᫮ 室    .
        ᯮᮡ ७ ६,  ᯮ-
 ᮤন ᯥ樠 ⥩ ,  ⮬ 砥 -
     맢   㭪樨 PEEK, ஡
 ᬮ७   25,     ⢥ ਬ ᬮਬ
ࠦ:
          (65536*PEEK 23674+256*PEEK 23673 +PEEK 23672)/50
  ⢮ ᥪ㭤, 襤      
祭  (  3- ⮪  21-  ),    ਢ
஢ ணࠬ ஢ ᮢ:
          10 REM FIRST WE DRAW THE CLOCK FASE
          20 FOR X=1 TO 12
          30 PRINT AT 10-10*COS(N/6*PI),16+12*SIN(N/6*PI);N
          40 NEXT N
          50 DEF FN T()=INT((65536*PEEK 23674+256*PEEK 23673+PEEK
             23672)/50):REM NUMBER OF SEKOND SINC START
         100 REM NOW WE START THE CLOCK
         110 LET T1=FN T()
         120 LET A=T1/30*PI:REM A IS THE ANGLE OF THE SECOND HAND
             IN RADIANS
         130 LET SX=72*SIN A:LET SY=72*COS A
         140 PLOT 131,91:DRAW OVER 1: SX,SY:REM DRAW HAND
         200 LET T=FN T()
         210 IF T<=T1 THEN GOTO 200:REM WAIT UNTIL TIME FOR NEXT
              HAND
         220 PLOT 131,91:DRAW OVER 1: SX,SY:REM RUB OUT OLD HAND
         230 LET T1=T:GOTO 120         
      ᯥ稢 筮 0,001%  室  10 ᥪ㭤 
, ,     ᫮,     ᯮ짮
 BEEP, /뢮  䮭  ਭ.   -
樨 㢥稢 譮.
    ᫠  PEEK 23674,  PEEK 23673  PEEK 23672  뤥  
祥      ᯮ㥬   1/50  
ᥪ㭤,    祥 뢠 㬬  0  255.  
      
3lP                              - 64 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


⨦  稭 255    祥,   뢠  0.
ࢮ 稭 뢠 祩 PEEK 23672,   10 ᥪ  
ᮤন 㢥稢  1,    祩  稭
ࠢ 255,   뢠  0,  祭 祩 PEEK 23763
㢥稢    1,  १  256/50 ᥪ.  ᮤন  ⮩
祩  室  ﭨ 255  0,  ᮤন 祩  PEEK
23674 㢥稢  1.
      祭 0  祩 PEEK 23674  255   祥  PEEK
23673   PEEK 23672 (  㯨 १ 21 )  
ࠦ ਬ 祭:
              (55536+256*255+255)/50=1310.7
      ᭮,  १ ᫥ 1/50  ᥪ
祩  ᮤঠ ᫥騥 祭: 1, 0, 0.
     ந ᫥ ࠦ,    -
 祭 祩 PEEK 23674  0  襭  横᪮
७,  १ 稬:
               (65536*0+256*0+0)/50=0
  ୮.
    ⮥ ࠢ   ஡:
    "  ࠦ   ன ᫥⥫-
  ᯮ짮 ࠭ ⢥"
ਬ:
         10  DEF FN M(X,Y)=(X+Y+ABS(X-Y))/2:REM THE LANDER OF AND Y
         20  DEF  FN  U()=(65536*PEEK  23674+256*PEEK  23673+PEEK
             23672)/50:REM TIME, MAY BU WRONG
         30  DEF FN T()=FN M(FN U(),FN U()):REM TIME RIGHT
         祭 ᫮ 稪  ⠪,  ⮡
  ॠ쭮  ६  ⮣  ,       
祭. ਬ,  ⠭ 10 ᮢ ,  ⠫,
 12*60*50=180000  50-X  ᥪ㭤  :
         180000=65536*27+256*119+64
     ᢮ ६ 祩 祭 27,  119  64 室
믮:
         POKE 23574,27:POKE 23673,119:POKE 23672,64
    㭪 INKEY$ ( 㬥⮢) 뢠  .  E᫨
    ( SHIFT    ),
१⮬  㤥  ᨬ,         ०
થ <L>,   ப.
    믮 ணࠬ  ᯮ  㭪:
           10 IF INKEY$ <> " " THEN GOTO 10
           20 IF INKEY$=   " " THEN GOTO 20
           30 PRINT INKEY$;
           40 GOTO 10
    ,    㭪  INKEY$  㤥   INPUT  
, ᫨   믮 ,  ⠩,   蠭 饭.
      
3#lP                              - 65 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 19

          E                       F
         

⪮ ᮤঠ: BEEP

    ZX  SPEKTRUM  ந 㪨    
BEEP:
            BEEP த⥫쭮,  㪠.
  '  த⥫쭮'  '  㪠'    ᫮
ࠦ.  த⥫쭮     ᥪ㭤,     
⮭  ᭮ ⮭ '':  ⥫ ᫠ - 
  ''    ⥫ -    ''.    ࠬ
ਢ  祭   ⠢:



             C#  D#     F#  C#  A#            
             DB  EB     CB  AB  BB            
  -2         1   3      5   6   10      13  15
                   
                                                    
                                                    
                                                    
                 ᮫             
-3    -1    0    2   4    5    7    9   11  12   14   16

              C     D     E     F    G     A      B     C

     祭  ᮪    ,    
ਡ   12   ⠢   .
ਬ:
      
3#lP                              - 66 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


              10 PRINT "FRERE CUSTAV"
              20 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,2:BEEP .5,3:BEEP .5,2:BEEP 1,0
              30 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,2:BEEP .5,3:BEEP .5,2:BEEP 1,0
              40 BEEP 1,3:BEEP 1,5:BEEP 2,7
              50 BEEP 1,3:BEEP 1,5:BEEP 2,7
              60 BEEP.75,7:BEEP .25,8:BEEP.5,7:BEEP.5,5:BEEP.5,3:
                 BEEP .6,2:BEEP 1,0
              70 BEEP .75,7:BEEP.25,8:BEEP .5,7:BEEP.5,5:BEEP.5,3
                 BEEP .5,2:BEEP1,0
              80 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,-5:BEEP 2,0
              90 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,-5:BEEP 2,0
         ணࠬ   ஭ 
  ࢮ  ᨬ䮭 ,   ,      ஭
,   砫 ⮩    -   㪠
祭  ਢ  㭪:
28
19
17 -------------------------------------------------------
15                                              
14 ---------------------------------------------------
12                                              
10 -----------------------------------------
 8                                       
 7 -------------------------------------
 5                              *         *
 3 -------*------------*--------*----------*----
 2      *     *         *     *  
 0   -*-         -*-   -*-         -*-
      0  2  3  2  0     0  2  3  2  0     3  5  7     3  5
    ᫨    ᯮ   㣮 ,   
⠢   ࠦ  ६  'KEY',  ਬ  
ன ப ணࠬ:
     20 BEEP 1,KEY+0:BEEP 1,KEY+2:BEEP .5,KEY+3:BEEP .5KEY+2:
        BEEP 1,KEY+0
    ,    믮  ⮩ ணࠬ    ᢮
      
3#lP                              - 67 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
६ 'KEY' 祭: 0 - -, 2 - -, 12 -
 - 孥 ⠢  ..  ६ 'KEY'   ⠪
ਭ 祭  1/2, 1/4,  ..
        ࠧ    ⥫쭮 砭  
,     ६ ᯮ ⮫쪮  
,    ந ᫮ .
    ஡  ணࠬ஢ ᮡ⢥ ,  筨 
ᠬ ⮩, ᫨    ⭮ ࠬ   
אַ  , ਬ ࠣ ணࠬ:
            FOR N=0 TO 1000:BEEP .5,N:NEXT N
㤥 ᯮ ᫥⥫쭮   ।쭮 ᮪  -
  ᮮ饭   訡 'B',     ⠪  ࠫ쭮
뢮 祭 'N', ⮡  祭 ᯮ塞 .
    ࠣ ணࠬ:
        10 BEEP.5,0 :BEEP .5,2 :BEEP.5,4:BEEP .5,5:BEEP .5,7:
           BEEP.5,11:BEEP .5,12:STOP
ᯮ  -,   ன ᯮ    
।     孥 ,    ⮩   ⢥
ࢠ, ਯ  ᯮ  ⠪:
         10 BEEP .5,0   :BEEP .5,2.039:BEEP .5,3.86 :BEEP .5,4.9:
            BEEP .5,7.02:BEEP .5,8.84 :BEEP .5,10.88:BEEP .5,11 :
            BEEP .5,12:STOP
      ࢠ  ⢥묨   ᯮ塞  
 , ⫨筮  .
      몠,  ਬ ᪠,  ᯮ ࢠ
訥 祬 ⮭,     ᮡ 㤠  ணࠬ-
     BEEP,  ਬ  㪠  ⢥  ⮭
 ।   㪠 祭 㪠 ࠢ,5.
      ᤥ   蠬 몠쭮-
 㬥 믮 ४祭:
          POKE 23609,255
஥ ᫮  । த⥫쭮 宦  ⮬
ﭨ (  20 FOR    0  255).
      ⠪ 뢥   譨 ன⢠,  
  室 ࠧ쥬 'MIC'  'EAR'.
      
3#lP                              - 68 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 20

                E   ⭮ F
               

⪮ ᮤঠ: LOAD, SAVE, VERIFY, MERGE

    ᭮   ࠡ  䮭 SAVE,  LOAD   VERIFY
㦥  ᬠਢ   ᠭ.     ,  
LOAD  ࠥ  ணࠬ      㧪
 ணࠬ  ,   㣠  MERGE,   
⮣.    ࠥ   ப ணࠬ  ६-
,    ᮢ   ࠬ ப    ணࠬ  
    ६.   ணࠬ  "DICE"  ("ࠫ쭠
")     11 襬       "DICE",  
⥯   믮 ᫥ ணࠬ:
              1 PRINT 1
              2 PRINT 2
             10 PRINT 10
             20 LET X
    ⢨  ஢,    VERIFY "DICE"
  MERGE "DICE",   㢨,   ப 1  2 -
,  ப 10  20   ப  ⨬ ࠬ 
ணࠬ "DICE", ६ X ⮦ ࠭ (஢ PRINT X).
             ࠡ    
䮭:
     SAVE     - 뢠 ணࠬ  ६  䮭;
     VERIFY   - ஢ ணࠬ  ६  
                     ;
     LOAD     - 頥          ணࠬ  
                㦠   , ⠭  䮭;
     MERGE    -  LOAD, ⮫쪮  頥  ,  
                  ப ணࠬ  ६, 
                 ᮢ     ⠪  
                ⭮ .
      
3#lP                              - 69 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

                
         ᫥ 祢 ᫮ -  ணࠬ-
, । ࢮ砫쭮   SAVE,    
  㪠 ணࠬ,   뢮    ணࠬ,  㦥
⠭  ,      ࠢ 
.
    ਠ 1,    VERIFY,  LOAD  MERGE   
 㪠  ப, ⮣ 㤥   ⨢訩-
 䠩.
    ਠ 2,  ᯮ짮  SAVE:
             SAVE STRING LINE NUMBER
ணࠬ       ⠪,      㤥  
⠭   LOAD (  MERGE),   ⮬᪨ ⠭-
  ப  㪠 ஬  ᠬ 樨 ᢮ 믮-
.
    ஬ ⥪⮢ ணࠬ    뢠 ⠪ -
  .
       ᨢ  ,  ᯮ  SAVE 
DATA ⠪ ࠧ:
            SAVE STRING DATA ARRAU NAME()
  "STRING" - ,  ᢠ  䠩  ,  ஥
     㪢  㪢  ᨬ "$"  (ભ
㪢  "S").   ப    ॡ    
. 㦠 ⠪   :
             LOAD STRING DATA ARRAY NAME()
 ᯮ짮  MERGE.
    ᫨  㦠 ப ᨢ,   ᫥ 㦥 
  ,   뤠:  "CHARAUTER ARRAY:"     
ண ᨢ.
            ⤥
⮢  ଠ樨,  ⠪ ਬ,      ⥫
⨭  । ⥫ ᪨ ᨬ  ..
     ⮣ ᯮ 祢 ᫮ CODE, ਬ:
        SAVE "PICTURE" CODE 16384,6912
 ࢮ  ᫮ -  ࢮ        
ᯮ ,   ஥ ᫮ - ⢮ ⮢,  
      
3#lP                              - 70 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


㦭    (6912 -쥬    ࠭,
16384 -  ࠭  ). 㦠    :
        LOAD "PICTURE" CODE
᫥ CODE  㪠 ᫠:
            LOAD "PICTURE" CODE START, LENGTH
    LENGTH  () - । ᪮쪮  ()  
㧨  ,  ᫨  ,  祬 ᠭ  , 
뤠  ᮮ饭 "R TAPE LOADING ERROR" (訡 㧪  
).    ࠬ    ⮣   ⠥
 ,  ᠭ  .
    START (砫) - 㪠뢠 , ண  㦠
                         ⫨  ,
                     㪠   SAVE,     -
                     ࠬ   LOAD.
ࠦ CODE 16364,6912    SKREEN$:
     SAVE "PICTURE" SCREEN$  ⥬
     LOAD "PICTURE" SCREEN$
      砩  VERIFY  ࠡ⠥,   ⠫ 
VERIFY$  ᯮ짮   ᯮ SAVE.
      祭,  ,   㪠뢠  䠩    ,
ᯮ  ⮫쪮  10 ᨬ,     ⨯
ଠ樨,    ᠭ  :
    - ணࠬ  ६ ( ᮢ⭮);
    - ᫮ ᨢ;
    - ப ᨢ;
    - ।⢥ 
      VERIFY, LOAD,  MERGE ⢫  
 ,   뢮  ࠭  ⠭     
㪠 ⨯  :
    " PROGRAM:",  " NAMBER ARRAY:",  " CHARACTER ARRAY:",
    " BYTES:"
    ᫨   -  ப,      ⨢-
訩 䠩  㪠 ⨯.
     SAVE 㦨   ଠ樨    -
  ,  ᮮ饭   訡 F 뤠 ᫨    
      
3#lP                              - 71 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


㪠  ப  ᫮ ᨬ   11  , SAVE
ᥣ 뤠 ᮮ饭.
    " START  TAPE,  THEN PRESS ANY KEY"
  ( "  䮭    "),
    ,  ᫥ ᥣ  뢠   .
    1. ணࠬ  ६,
               SAVE NAME LINE LINE NUMBER
뢠  ணࠬ    ⠪  ࠧ,    ᫥
 LOAD ⮬᪨ ⠢  ணࠬ
                GOTO LINE NUMBER 믮 .
     2. .
                SAVE NAME CODE START, LENGHT
뢠   "LENGHT" , 稭   START

                SAVE NAME SCREEN$
⭮    SAVE NAME CODE 16384,6912
 뢠  ⥫ ࠭.
      3. ᨢ
                SAVE NAME DATA LETTER () 
                SAVE NAME DATA LETTER()
뢠  ᫮    ப ᨢ  (ॡ  $  
⭮  "NAME").
      VERIFY ஢ (ࠢ) ଠ    
 ,  뤠 ᮮ饭
        "R TAPE LOADING ERROR",
    1. ணࠬ  ६,
          VERIFY NAME
    2. ,
          VERIFY NAME CODE START LENGTH
    ᫨      䠩  "NAME"   祬  㪠  
"LENGHT"  뤠 ᮮ饭  訡 "R"
           VERIFY NAME CODE START
  ⢫ ࠢ     묨  -
,  稭   ,   ண 뢠    
 .
      
3#lP                              - 72 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                    VERIFY NAME SCREEN$
 ⭮       VERIFY NAME CODE 16384,6912
  㤥 ஢ઠ 㦥 ஢७ 䠩.
     3. ᨢ.
           VERIFY NAME DATA LETTER()
           VERIFY NAME DATA LETTER$()
      LOAD 㦠    ,    
  .
    1. ணࠬ  ६.
 -   LOAD NAME
 뤠 ᮮ饭 "4 OUT OF MEMORY", ᫨   
 ணࠬ.  ⮬ 砥  ணࠬ  㭨⮦
     2. .
 -     LOAD NAME CODE START, LENGTH
᫨   䠩 "NAME" , 祬 㪠  "LENGTH", 
뤠 ᮮ饭 R.
 -     LOAD NAME CODE START
ந 㧪   "NAME"  , 稭  
"START"
 -     LOAD NAME CODE
㦠 ࠬ  ,   ண 뢠   
  䠩 "NAME".
     3. ᨢ
 -     LOAD NAME DATE LETTER() 
              LOAD NAME DATE LETTER$()
㭨⮦     ᨢ   "LETTER"   "LETTER$",
ନ    ᨢ   ९뢠  㤠      䠩
"NAME",  뤠 ᮮ饭 "4 OUT OF MEMORY"  墠-
   ᨢ,  ⮬ 砥  ᨢ  㭨⮦.

 MERGE 㦠    ,  㭨⮦ .
    1. ணࠬ  ६.
 -    MERGE NAME
뢠 ணࠬ "NAME"  ன ணࠬ, 室饩
 ,  뤠 ᮮ饭
      
3#lP                              - 73 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


             "4 OUT OF MEMORY"
     2. .
 ন.
     3. ᨢ.
 ন.
    ਬ:       ଠ   21-  ।
짮⥫ ᨬ.
       SAVE "CHESS" CODE USR "A", 21*8
    ⭠ 㧪
       LOAD "CHESS" CODE
       LOAD "CHESS" CODE USR "A"





 21
                E                 F
               

⪮ ᮤঠ:  LPRINT, LLIST, COPY.

      뢠  ᨪ, 室  ࠡ
 ਭ஬ ZX SPECTRUM.
      LPRINT  LLIST  ࠬ PRINT  LIST
  ⮩ ࠧ楩,   ࠡ   ⥫஬,  
ਭ஬, ஡  ਬ 믮 ᫥ ணࠬ:

                 10 LPRINT ' " THIS PROGRAM." '
                 20 LLIST
                 30 LPRINT ' " PRINTS OUT THE CHARACTER SET." '
                 40 FOR N=32 TO 255
                 50 LPRINT CHR$ N
                 60 NEXT N
      
3#lP                              - 74 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


     COPY  ᯥ ࠭ ⥫,
ਬ  LIST ⥪ ணࠬ 㤥 뢥  ࠭,  ⥬
 COPY   ᯥ  ਭ.
     ᥣ  ४ 뢮   뤠 BREAK (CAPS
SHIFT  SPASE).
    ᫨    ࠢ ਭ஬  祭
ॠ쭮 ன⢠,  뢮   㤥  믮
ணࠬ த  ᫥饣 .
     ஡  ᫥ ணࠬ:

                    10 FOR N=31 TO 0 STEP -1
                    20 PRINT AT 31-N,N; CHR$(CODE"0"+N);
                    30 NEXT N

  ᫥⥫쭮 ᨬ ᯮ 
 ࠭, 稭  ࠢ 孥 㣫, ⥯ 
 ப 20 PRINT AT 31-N,N'  'TAB N' ணࠬ 㤥 ࠡ
⠪   ०, ⥯   ப 20 PRINT  LPRINT.
⨬,  ࠧ⪨    ,  
⥯ 'TAB N'  'AT 31-N,N'  ࠭ LPRINT 稬  
ᨬ  ப,   ॡ .
       ॢ ப ⢫  ᫥
:
    )    ப;
    ) ᫥ LPRINT, ᫨       
       ⨫   窠  ⮩;
    ) ᫨ ,   TAB ॡ  ப;
    )  砭 ணࠬ, ᫨ ⠫ 뢥 
      
3#lP                              - 75 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 22

                E㣮 ਩ 㤮F
               

    㣨 ன,     祭  
 ZX SPESTRUM.
    ZX   MICRODRIVE - ᮪᪮⭮ ன⢮  ,  
  ᯮ짮  ⭮ 䮭,     
 ࠢ  SAVE,  VERIFY,  LOAD  MERGE,   
 PRINT, LIST, INPUT  INKEY$.
      ⮣ ன⢠  ࣠   -
 ஢ ZX SPEKTRUM.
    ⠭  䥩ᮬ   ZX  SPECTRUM    RS-232,
।⢮  ண :  ,  ਭ  
㣨  ன⢠ ⢥騥 ⠭⠬  ⮣  䥩.  
ࠡ    ⠪ ன⢠  ᯮ짮 騥  
 ⥫ 祢 ᫮:  OPEN#,  CLOSE#,  MOVE,
ERASE, CAT  FORMAT.





 23

                     E             F
                    


⪮ ᮤঠ: OUT, IN.

       뢠  ଠ   뢠
  ᢮ ⨢    PEEK  POKE,   
,  (  ) ।⠢ ᮢ㯭 ᮢ 
      
3#lP                              - 76 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


0  65536,      .
      ࠧ  ᮢ   65536 ᮢ,  -
  ⠬ -뢮,   ᯮ  ஬  
裡   ன  ਭ஬   ࠢ  ࠬ
ᨪ, IN  OUT.
    IN 祭  PEEK: IN ADDRESS
  ᯮ   㬥 -  ,     
   㪠 .
    OUT   POKE: OUT ADDRESS, VALUE
 뢠 㪠     뢮.
    ZX SPECTRUM  ⭠ࠧ來묨 ᠬ, 
 㤥  㪢 A:
           A15, A14, A13 .... A1, A0.
      A0,A1,A2,A3  A4 祭 ,  ࠢ,   1,
 ᫨       0,   ।뢠 
  ⢨,    祬     ⮢  
  0.
     A6  A7 , ⠪  ᫨    -
,   ᯮ짮   ᢮ ᬮ७.
      A8,A9 ᯮ   祭  ⥫쭮
ଠ樨.
    ଠ樮   㤥  㪢 D:
            D7, D6, D5, .... D1, D0.
     ।⠢ ᯨ᮪ ᮢ ⮢,   楫  
室 ᮢ  ⥭  ,  ⠪ 室 ࠧ쥬
'EAR', ᠬ   8 ࠧ冷  5   .
            IN 65278 뢠   CAPS SHIFT  V,
            IN 65022 뢠            A  G,
            IN 64510 뢠            Q  T,
            IN 63486 뢠            1  5,
            IN 61438 뢠            0  6,
            IN 57342 뢠            P  7,
            IN 49150 뢠        ENTER  H,
            IN 32766 뢠        SPASE  B,
        ᫥  ࠦ:
      
3#lP                              - 77 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
            254+256*(255-2**)  N ஡騬  0  7.
     ,  ⠭  ,   D0  D4 㦠 
祭     , D0  ࠩ ,
 D4  ⮩,     業, ﭨ    ⮢
㪠뢠,   ᮮ⢥   ,  D6 ਭ
᢮ 祭  ⥭  ࠧ쥬 'EAR'.
    室   254 ᯥ稢 ஬⥫( D4)  ࠧ쥬
'MIC' (D3),  ⠪  ⠭ 梥 (D2, D1, D0).
     251 ᯥ稢   ਭ஬,  ⥭ ⠪  -
, ⥭  ஢ન ⮢ ਭ  ࠡ.
     254, 247  239 ᯮ  裡   ⥫묨
ன⢠, ᠭ묨   22.
     ᫥ ணࠬ:

             10 FOR N=0 TO 7:REM HELP=ROM NUMBER( 鸞)
             20 LET A=254+256*(256-2**N)
             30 PRINT AT=0,0;IN A: GO TO 30

        ,  ᫥ 
।   BREAK,  ⥬ NEXT N.





 24

                           E     F
                          

⪮ ᮤঠ: CLEAR

        ࠧ  ,      
।⠢  ᫮  0  255.      ᠭ 
   ।  OT 0 DO FFFFH (H -    
      
3#lP                              - 78 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


砥 ⭠筮 ।⠫ ᫠).    
  ᠭ     .   ࠬ  -
।   ZX SPECTRUM:

0    3FFFH  4000H           7FFFH    8000H              FFFFH
Ĵ
   ROM            RAM ()          㯭  ணࠬ  
  ()       (⥬ )                            
Ĵ
0     16383  16384          32767    32768              65536

     祭 ᮤন     ⥩ ᯮ-
  㭪 PEEK  ᮬ  ⢥ 㬥,  㭪  
頥 祭   ⮬ .
    ᬠਢ   ணࠬ 뢮 ᮤন   21
⮢  ROM   ᠬ:
             10 PRINT "ADDRESS"; TAB 8; "BYTE"
             20 FOR A=0 TO 20
             30 PRINT A ;TAB 8; PEEK A
             40 NEXT A
        ᮤন  (⮫쪮   RAM  ()),
ᯮ  POKE  ଥ:
             POKE ADDRESS, NEW CONTENTS
   "ADDRESS"    "NEW  CONTENTS"- ᫮  ࠦ,
ਬ:    POKE 31000,57
"NEW ADDRESS"  ਭ 祭  -255  +255
       ࠧ   ,  ।祭  
࠭  ଠ樨 ࠧ筮 祭,     -
ࠬ:
- - -
                 ⥬             
࠭ TV ਡ ਭ࠳ ६   ⥫쭮 
                                                
- - -
  16384      22528      23296       23562         23734        CHANS
      
3#lP                              - 79 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT



 쭠 80H ணࠬ   ६ 80H ।㥬 NL
ଠ       ᨪ ணࠬ         ப       
                                            ணࠬ     

  CHANS             PROG           VARS             E  LINE  WO

  
⠭륳NLࠡ.   ⥪          -  ⥪     
     쳪- १ࢳ     室  
                                ⥪   ண.
  
 WORKSP               STKBOT     STKEND   SP


 7    3EH    ।塞 
            짮⥫ 
               ᨬ    

     RAM  TOP   UDG  P RAMT

      ⥫ ࠭ ᮤন ࠧ ⥪饣 ,
 㯭  ஢ PEEK  POKE,  樨 ࠭
।⠢ 楩 88 祪 (       8
祪)   ᥬ  ࠭    .
     ࠭ ।⠢ ᮡ 24 ப  32 ᨬ. -
 ப ࠭ ய뢠 8- ப ࠧ⪨  ⥫-
 ࠭,  ⮣    ࠭ 믮 ᪠-
஢       冷 ࠭      冷
 ᥤ 権 ࠭.
      ਡ⮢ ᮤন   梥  㣨 ࠬ-
  樨 ࠭. ᯮ  ଠ ATTR.
     ਭ ᮤন ᨬ, ।  .
      ⥬  ६  ᮤন    ࠢ
᫥ﬨ,   ᠭ  ᫥饩  ,  
      
3#lP                              - 80 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


  (CHANS, PROG, VARS,  E LINE  .) ᮤঠ   ࠭
 ⥬묨 ﬨ ,     ६ ᨪ,
    ᯮ ஬.
       ⥫쭮  ᯮ ⮫쪮 
MICRODRIVE.
     B  쭮 ଠ樨 ᮤঠ   ன-
 -뢮,   :  (   -
), 孥  ࠭  ਭ.
      ப   ᨪ ணࠬ  ଠ:


    訩              訩 
Ŀ
                                                         
     2            2                ⥪      00 
                                                         
Ĵ
      ப                                      END
                     ⥪ + ENTER

    ᫮ ⠭  ணࠬ ।⠢  筮  ଥ
ᯮ CHR$14   ᫥騥   8  ᠬ ᫠.
     ६  ࠧ ଠ ।⠢  .
  ।⠢  ଠ  ᫠,   ண ⮨  
 㪢.

                 Ŀ
                         1         4   
                  60H    浪      
                                                   
                 

    ଠ  ࠧ饭  ᫠,  ᫨      祬  
㪢:
      
3#lP                              - 81 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


      Ŀ
                                              5   
        60H              . . .         祭 
                                              ᫠   
      Ĵ
       1 㪢    2 㪢               ᫥
                                          㪢

     ଠ ࠧ饭 ᫮ ᨢ:

Ŀ
                                                      
      2      1   2             2   
                                                      

 㪢            ࢠ              ᫥
         ⮢     ࠧ-    ࠧ-            ࠧ୮
          + 1        ⥩     
          
         ७


Ŀ
  5 ⮢   
                
                       


    冷 ⮢ ᫥騩:
     1. ,   ࢠ ࠧ୮ ࠢ 1.
     2. ,   ࢠ ࠧ୮ ࠢ 2.
     3. ,   ࢠ ࠧ୮ ࠢ 3  ..
    ⥬  ⮬  浪  , ᫥饩 ࠧ୮  . .
ਬ,   ᨢ  ࠧ୮  ( 3,6 ) ᯮ 
 ஡஢  浪:
      
3#lP                              - 82 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


     (1,1),  (1,2),  (1,3),  (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1)...
     (3,6)
    ଠ ࠧ饭 ࠢ ६  FOR-NEXT -
஢:

Ŀ
                                                     
     5  5    5       2      1    
                                                     
Ĵ
 㪢 祭 ࠭-  -   ப 横     
                 祭                         

                ଠ ࠧ饭 ப ᨬ:

Ŀ
                                                         
        2          ⥪(    ப)  
                                                         

㪢    ⢮

              ଠ ࠧ饭 ப ᨢ:

Ŀ
                                                         
           2            1        2           
                                                         


㪢  饥 ᫮ ⮢   ࠧ-    1- ࠧ୮
        1   ࠧ. ୮
      
3#lP                              - 83 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


Ŀ
                                                    
        2                 
                                             
Ĵ
           ᫥                 
         ࠧ୮

    ணࠬ㥬  ⥪        ᨪ,
 ⥪ ᯮ ய஬ Z80  
ᮢ .
       ᨨ  ᯮ.
    祭 ⥪ 室  ணࠬ ᠭ   5.
    ,   㥬      RAMTOP  ᮤন   孨   ,
ᯮ㥬 ᨪ.
      NEW,   頥 ,   ᮤন-
 , ।塞 짮⥫ ᨬ.
        RAMTOR   CLEAR:
            CLEAR NEW RAMTOR
 ஬:
     )    ६;
     ) 頥  ࠭ ( CLS);
     ) ⠭  PLOT    㣮
        ࠭;
     ) 믮 㭪 RESTORE;
     ) 頥 ⥪ 室  ⠭  祭
        RAMTOP.
    ᯮ 㭪 CLEAR,    ᬥ RAMTOP, 㢥-
   ᨪ,  㬥 ⥬ ᠬ  ।塞
짮⥫ ᨬ.  ᪮쪮 㢥 㯭 
RAM (),  ᯮ 㭪 NEW, ਬ, 믮 NEW ⥬
CLEAR 23800    ९ .
     㪠 ⢨  ਢ    ᮮ饭 
訡  뤠 㪮 ᨣ:
        "4 MEMORU FULL" (९ );
      
3#lP                              - 84 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

        
        "G NO ROOM FOR LINE "(   ப ணࠬ)
      ⥫쭮  㪮 ᨣ, 
᫮   23608.  㬮砭 । 64.
    ᫠  ( ᪫祭 0)  뢠  ⥫쭮
ଥ :  +M*2**E
 M -   ࢠ 0.5,...1 (   1);
    E - ᯮ, ⥫쭮  ⥫쭮 ᫮.
    ⨬,  ᠫ "N"  筮 ⥬ ᫥.
"M"  - ஡        (    筮
窥),  ⮣ 㤥.
          1/2       -->     .1
          1/4       -->     .01
          3/4       -->     .11   ..
     ᫮ "N" , 祬 1,     ⮢ ।
筮 窮,  ᪮   0.5   ᫥騩 
窮 -  1.
      ᫠    㥬 5 ⮢   ᫥饬
浪:

    )  뢠    8 ⮢   ன   (  
,      1),  8 ⮢  ⨩   ⠪
 ⮣ .

    ) 塞   ண ,   ஬ ᠭ  1,
   (0  +,  1  -1);

    ) 뢠    ᯮ + 128,  ਬ ,  
⨬  ᫮ 1/10.
            1/10=4/5*2.
      㤥    .11001100110011001100110011001100B
(᪮ 33-  ࠢ 1,    㣫 32- , -
ᠢ 1  0),  ᯮ ࠢ -3.

     ਬ    ࠢ, 襬 5 ;
      
3#lP                              - 85 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


              -  ᫠
Ŀ
                                                        
0111 11 01 0  100 1100  1100 1100  1100 1100  1100 1100 
                                                        

 -3+128          4/5, ᪫   

     ୠ⨢ ᯮᮡ  楫 ᫠  ࢠ
-65535...+65535:
    )   ࠢ 0;
    ) ன  ࠢ 0  ⥫쭮 ᫠   FFH  
       ⥫쭮;
    ) 3  4  ᮤঠ 訥  訥 騥  ᫠
       (  ᫮ +131072, ᫨  ⥫쭮);
    ) 5  ࠢ 0.





 25

             E                    F
            

      23532  23733 ।祭    ᯥ樠쭮
ᯮ짮.    ࠧ, ⠪ 뢠 ⥬ -
.        ६  ணࠬ.
  ᯮ 뫪  ⨬ ६  ᨪ  ண-
ࠬ   .    ⮫쪮  ᪮
祭  ६  ⮬ ᠭ.
    ଠ,  ᠭ  ࢮ ⮫ ⠡,   ᫥-
饥 祭:
    X -  , ⠪     ࠡ ⥬.
      
3#lP                              - 86 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    N -  ६  ਢ  ⥫쭮 䥪.
᫮ - ᫮ ⮢  ६ ( 塠⮢  ६
        訩  ).
    ਬ,  室  祭  V  塠⮢
६   N:
                  10 POKE N,V - 256*INT(V/256)
                  20 POKE N+1,INT(V/256)
     ᬮ  祭  ᯮ짮 :
                  PEEK N+256*PEEK(N+1)

Ŀ
 3H                    ঠ                    
Ĵ
 N8   23552  KSTATE   ᯮ  ⥭     
Ĵ
 N1   23560  LAST K           
Ĵ
 1    23561  REPDEL   ६,  50-  ᥪ㭤,  祭
                      ண    䨪-
                        ⮬ ﭨ, 砫쭮    
                      祭 35,    .   
Ĵ
 1    23562  REPPER   প  50-  ᥪ㭤,    
                      ᫥⥫묨 ᠬ ,     
                      砫쭮 祭 5                   
Ĵ
 N2   23563  DEFADD    㬥⮢ 㭪樨 짮⥫, 
                      ᫨  ᯮ ,  0.       
Ĵ
 N1   23565  K DATA   ன  ࠢ 梥⮬  -   
                      .                               
Ĵ
 N2   23566  TVDATA    梥, AT,TAB ࠢ ⥫.
Ĵ
 X38  23568  STRMS     祭 .           

      
3#lP                              - 87 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 3H                    ঠ                    
Ĵ
 2    23606  CHARS     ᨬ쭮  -255, 筮  
                        室  ,     
                       ࠧ饭     㪠 CHARS
                       ࠧ饭:                     
Ĵ
 1    23608  RASP     த⥫쭮 㪮 ᨣ    
Ĵ
 1    23609  PIP      ⥫쭮 প ࠭饩 - 
                       .                       
Ĵ
 1    23610  ERR NR    ᮮ饭 -1, 砫쭮 祭   
                      255 (  '-1'), .. PEEK 23610=26    
Ĵ
 X1   23611  FLAGS    ࠢ騥 䫠 ᨪ             
Ĵ
 X1   23612 TV FLAG    ⥫                      
Ĵ
 X2   23613  ERR SP     ⭮ ⥪, ᯮ㥬 
                          訡.         
Ĵ
 N2   23615  LIST SF       ⮬᪮    
                      ⨭.                              
Ĵ
 N1   23617  MODE     , ᯥ䨪 (K), (L), (C), (E) 
                       (G) .                       
Ĵ
 2    23618 NEW PPC    ப,       
                      ᤥ 室.                        
Ĵ
 2    23621    PPC      ப      ன    
                       믮.                          

      
3#lP                              - 88 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 3H                    ঠ                    
Ĵ
 1    23623  SUB PPC  浪멩    믮饣     
                        ப.                    
Ĵ
 1    23624  DORDCR    ࠬ ࠭, ᮤন ਡ    
Ĵ
 2    23625  K PPC    ⢮ ⥪ ப ஢      
Ĵ
 X2   23627    VARS    ६.                     
Ĵ
 N2   23629   DEST     ६               
Ĵ
 X2   23631  CHANS                          
Ĵ
 X2   23633  CURGRL      -뢮          
Ĵ
 X2   23636   PROG     ᨪ ணࠬ.                
Ĵ
 X2   23637  NXTLIN   A ᫥饩 ப  ணࠬ     
Ĵ
 X2   23639  DATADD    ନ ᫥ ᨬ   
                         B DATA.                             
Ĵ
 X2   23641  E LINE    뢥 .              
Ĵ
 2    23643   K CUR    .                         
Ĵ
 X2   23645  CH ADD    ᫥饣 㥬     
                      ᨬ: ᨬ 㬥  PEEK,      
                      NEWLINE  POKE .           
Ĵ
 2    23647  X PRI     ᨬ ᫥饣  થ஬   
                      (?).                                   

      
3#lP                              - 89 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 3H                    ঠ                    
Ĵ
 X2   23649  WORR SP   ६ ࠡ祩         
Ĵ
 X2   23651  STK SOT   "" ணࠬ㥬 ⥪      
Ĵ
 X2   23653  STK END   砫 १ࢭ    
Ĵ
 N1   23655   BREG    B-ॣ                  
Ĵ
 N2   23656    MEM     , ᯮ㥬  -    
                        ( 筮 MEMBOT,   
                       ᥣ).                            
Ĵ
 1    23658   FLAG S  訥 䫠                         
Ĵ
 X1   23659   DF SZ   ᫮ ப (   )    
                         ࠭                  
Ĵ
 2    23660  S TOP    ⢮ 孨 ப  ணࠬ   
                       ⮬᪮ ⨭.             
Ĵ
 2    23662   OLDPPC   ப   㪠뢠      
                      CONTINUE.                              
Ĵ
 1    23664   OSPPC      ப      
                      㪠뢠 CONTINUE.                    
Ĵ
 N1   23665    FLAGX  ६ 䫠                      
Ĵ
 N2   23666  STR LEN   ﭨ  ப       
Ĵ
 N2   23668  T ADDR    ᫥饣 ᨬ  ᨭ⠪-   
                      ᪮ ⠡.                        

      
3#lP                              - 90 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 3H                    ঠ                    
Ĵ
 2    23670   SEED    砫쭮 祭  RND,            
                       㭪樥 RANDOMIZE          
Ĵ
 3    23672  FLAMES   稪 ஢ - 饭 १      
                       20 MS ( .  18).          
Ĵ
 2    23675    UDG      ࢮ  ।塞          
                      짮⥫ ᨬ.                 
Ĵ
 1    23677  COORDS   X -न 窨 䮯ந⥫   
      23678           Y -न 窨 䮯ந⥫   
Ĵ
 1    23679  P POSN   33-樮 ᫮  樮-  
                       ਭ.                        
Ĵ
 1    23680  PR CC    訩   権         
                      LPRINT  .                     
Ĵ
 1    23681            ᯮ                        
Ĵ
 2    23682  ECHO E   33-樮  24-ப ᫮    
                      (  )  室     
                                                       
Ĵ
      23684   DF CC    ਭ-権   ࠭   
Ĵ
 2    23686  DF CCL    DF CC    ࠭  
Ĵ
 X1   23688  S POSN   33-樮 ᫮  PRINT         
                      権                                
 X1   23669           23- ப ᫮  PRINT 権  
Ĵ
 X2   23690  S POSNL   S POSN           

      
3#lP                              - 91 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 3H                    ঠ                    
Ĵ
 1    23692  SCR CT   稪 ᢥ⮪: ᥣ  1     
                      ᫠ ᢥ⮪,   ஢-   
                       । ⠭  ᢥ⪮ ᫨  
                       ⠭  ᫮  祬   
                      1 (᪠ 255 ),  ࠭ 㤥 ᢮-   
                      稢   .              
Ĵ
 1    23693  ATTR P    梥                         
Ĵ
 1    23694  MASK P   ᯮ  ᢥ稢 梥    
                      , ⠭  1, 뢠     
                       ਡ⮢    ATTR,    
                       ⮣,  㪠  ࠭.        
Ĵ
 N1   23695  ATTR T   ६ 㪠⠫ 梥⮢             
Ĵ
 N1   23696  MASK T   ६ MASK P                       
Ĵ
 1    23697   P FLAG  訥 䫠                         
Ĵ
 N30  23698  MEMBOT      ,       
                      ᯮ   ᥫ,         
                         ࠧ饭          
                      ணࠬ㥬 ⥪       
Ĵ
 2    23728            ᯮ                        
Ĵ
 2    23730  RAMTOP    ᫥           
                      ᨪ-⥬                         
Ĵ
 2    23732  P-RAMT    ᫥  䨧᪮     
                                                          

      
3#lP                              - 92 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


      ணࠬ  뤠      22    
⥬ ६:
                   10 FOR N=0 TO 21
                   20 PRINT PEEK (PEEK 23627+256*PEEK 23628+N)
                   30 NEXT N
      ப 20 
                   20 PRINT PEEK(23765+N)
  ⥫쭮  DAMP ᠬ ணࠬ.





 26

                  Eᯮ짮 設 F
                 

⪮ ᮤঠ: USR  ᫮ 㬥⮬

      뢠 ਬ 設  ய-
 Z80 (U880 (), 1810BM80 ()).
    ணࠬ  設   筮  ᥬ  ᫥
饩 ࠭樥, (祭   ய
Z80  ਢ   ਫ  A).  ࠭    ᥬ
஥   ZX SPEKTRUM.
    ਢ ਬ ணࠬ:

                            ID BC,99
                            RET

 㦠  "BC" ॣ ᫮ 99,  ணࠬ 㤥
࠭᫨஢  4-  設 :

            1,99,0  ID BC,99  201  RET
      
3#lP                              - 93 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    騬 蠣  㧪 ணࠬ  ,  
⮣ ᯮ ⥫쭠   ᨪ-  -
 ।塞 짮⥫ ᨬ.
    ⨬   ᫥饥 । ᫥  :

 -    
                       ।塞        
                   짮⥫ ᨬ   
 -    
     RAMTOP=32599  UDG=32600                PRAMT=32767

    ᫨  ⥯ 믮:

         CLEAR 23499,

  100 ⮢ , 稭   32600

   
    100                  ।塞        
   ⮢            짮⥫ ᨬ   
   
             32500     UDC=32600                 FRAMT=32767
RAMTOP=32499

      㧪 ணࠬ  設     믮
᫥ ᨪ-ணࠬ:

                 10 LET A=32500
                 20 READ N :POKE A,N
                 30 LET A=A+1: GOTO 20
                 40 DATA 1,99,0,201

    (ணࠬ   ᮮ饭 'E OUT OF DATA', ᫨
९ ⢥  4 ).
      믮 㦥 設  ᯮ 㭪-
      
3#lP                              - 94 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
 USR,   ᫮ 㬥⮬, ।騬 砫 .
    ᫨  믮:    PRINT USR 32500
  ⢥  99.
      ᨪ-ணࠬ ⢫  ࠧ  
  ய RET.   設 ணࠬ    
ᯮ짮 ॣ IY  I.
        ணࠬ  :

           SAVE  "NAME" CODE 32500,4

       ணࠬ  ⠪,   㤥 ⮬-
᪨ 믮 ᫥ 㧪:

                   10 LOAD " " CODE 32500,4
                   20 PRINT USR 32500

     祣  ᤥ:

                   SAVE NAME LINE
 ⥬:
                   SAVE "XXXX" CODE 32500,4
                   LOAD "NAME"

     ਢ  ⮬,  砫 㤥 㦥  ⮬-
᪨ 믮 ᨪ-ணࠬ,  ,  ᢮ ।, -
  믮 ணࠬ  設 .

     "⢮ 奬孨" . ஢, . 
      . 1986. ⮬ 2.  579-580
      
3#lP                              - 95 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


  ਢ  78  ய 8085  ᮢ⨬  
ய஬ Z80 (158 ), (U880-, K1810BM-)

Ŀ
         ⢨                           
Ĵ
     1                2                      3        4     
Ĵ
             뫪, 㧪,                        
Ĵ
 MOV R,R    ᫠ ॣ  ॣ  01RR RRRR    4L    
 MVI R,D    ᫠ .  ॣ  00RR R110    7L    
 LXI RP,DD  㧨 .   ॣ. 00 0001    10    
 STAX B      A ᢥ  BC   0000 0010    7     
 STAX D      A ᢥ  DE   0001 0010    7     
 LDAX B     㧨 A ᢥ O BC   0000 1010    7     
 LDAX D     㧨 A ᢥ  DE   0001 1010    7     
 STA DD      A   DD     0011 0010    13    
 LDA DD     㧨 A   DD     0011 1010    13    
 SHLD DD     H,L   DD   0010 0010    16    
 SHLD DD    㧨 H,L   DD   0010 1010    16    
 XCBG        DE  HL             1110 1011    4     
Ĵ
                饭  㬥襭                        
Ĵ
 INR  R     饭 ॣ          00 100     4L   
 CCR R      㬥襭 ॣ          00RR R101     4L   
 IKX RP     饭  ॣ஢    00 0011     6    
 OCX RP     㬥襭  ॣ஢    00 1011     6    

      
3#lP                              - 96 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
     1                2                      3        4     
Ĵ
             䬥᪨  ᪨                       
Ĵ
 ADD R      ਡ ॣ  A        1000 0RRR     4L   
 ADC R      ਡ ॣ. A  ७ᮬ 1000 1RRR     4L   
 SUB R       ॣ  A         1001 0RRR     4L   
 SBB R                     1001 1RRR    4(7)  
 ANA R      ॣ & A                  1010 0RRR    4(7)  
 XRA R      ᪫.  ॣ  A       1010 1RRR    4(7)  
 ORA R      ॣ  A                  1011 0RRR    4(7)  
 OMA R      ࠢ ॣ  A         1011 1RRR    4(7)  
 ADI D      ਡ .   A 1100 0110    7     
 ACI D      ਡ .  ७. 1100 1110    7     
 SUI D       .  A         1101 0110    7     
 SBI D       .       1101 1110    7     
 ANI D      . & A                  1110 0110    7     
 XRI D      ᪫. .  A            1110 1110    7     
 ORI D      .  A                  1111 0110    7     
 OPI D      ࠢ .  A         1111 1110    7     
 DAD RP     ᤢ A              00 1001    11    
Ĵ
            樨    ⥫ﬨ    䫠              
Ĵ
 RLC        ᤢ A              0000 0111    4     
 RRC        ᤢ                     0000 1111    4     
 RAL        ᤢ A  .ࠧ. 0001 0111    4     
 RAR        ᤢ. A ࠢ . ࠧ. . 0001 1111    4     
 DAA        . ४   0010 0111    4     
 CMA          ⥫      0010 1111    4     
 STC        ⠭  ७      0011 0111    4     
 CMC          ७        0011 1111    4     

      
3#lP                              - 97 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
     1                2                      3        4     
Ĵ
        I/O  ࠢ    樨    ⥪               
Ĵ
 IN D          D              1101 1011    10    
 OUT D      뢮   D               1101 0011    11    
 EI         ࠧ襭 뢠        1111 1011    4     
 DI         饭 뢠        1111 0011    4     
 NOP         樨                 0000 0000    4     
 HLT        ⠭                      0111 0110    4     
 POSH RP      ॣ.  ⥪ 11 0101    11    
 POP RP       ॣ.  ⥪ 11 0001    10    
 XTHL        HL  宬 ⥪   1110 0011    19    
 SPHL       ᫠ HL  SP            1111 1001    6     
Ĵ
                   । ࠢ                         
Ĵ
 JMP DD     ᫮ 室          1100 0011    10    
 JCC DD     ३  ᫮ CC        11CC C010    10    
 CALL DD    ᫮ 맮            1100 1101    17    
 CCC DD     맮  ᫮ CC          11CC C100    17(10)
 RET         ᫥ 맮         1100 1001    10    
 RCC          ᫮ CC        11CC C000    11(5) 
 RST N      饭  祩 8*N     11NN N111    11    
 PCHL       ᫠ HL  PC            1110 1001    4     



1.  .

D     ।⢥  (   2 )
DD  㡠⮢                  (   3 )
      ⠫                    1 
      
3#lP                              - 98 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


2. .

 N   ᫮ ⠪⮢ 㦭  믮 .
(N)  ᫮ ⠪⮢,  R=M (   .
(N)  ᫮ ⠪⮢, ᫨ ᫮  믮.

3.  ॣ஢.

͸                         ͸
 "R"  RRR                           "RP"   PP  
͵                         ͵
  B   000                            BC    00  
  C   001                            DE    01  
  D   010                            HL    10  
  E   011                            PS    11  
  H   100                            PSW   11  
  L   101                          
  M   110    ( "R"=(HL))
  A   111 


4.  ᫮.

͸
 "CC"  CCC       ᫮          
͵
  NZ   000                  
   Z   001                    
  NC   010   ७          
   C   011  ७               
  P   100         
  PE   101           
   P   110  ⥫쭮         
   M   111  ⥫쭮         

      
 3#lP                              - 99 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT



            A

                      E  ᨬF
                     

Ŀ
    ᨬ    .   ᥬ   CBH...        EDH...  
                                          
Ĵ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
  0   ᯮ.  00  NOP          RLC B                 
  1   ᯮ.  01  LD BC, NN    RLC C                 
  2   ᯮ.  02  LD (BC),A    RLC D                 
  3   ᯮ.  03  INC BC       RLC E                 
  4   ᯮ.  04  INC B        RLC H                 
  5   ᯮ.  05  DEC B        RLC L                 
  6  PRINT UPR.   06  LD B, N      RLC(HL)               
  7  EDIT         07  RLCA         RLC A                 
  8  .   08  EX AF, AF    RRC B                 
  9  . ࠢ 09  ADD HL, BC   RRC E                 
 10       0  LD A,(BC)    RRC D                 
 11    0  DEC BC       RRC E                 
 12  DELETE       0C  INC C        RRC H                 
 13  ENTER        0D  DEC C        RRC L                 
 14  ᫮        0  LD C, N      RRC(HL)               
 15   ᯮ.  0F  RRCA         RRC A                 
 16  INC .     10  DJNZ DIS     RL B                  
 17  PAPER .   11  LD DE, NN    RL C                  
 18  FLASH .   12  LD (DE), A   RL D                  
 19  BRIGHT    13  INC DE       RL E                  
 20  INVERSE . 14  INC D        RL H                  
 21  OVER .    15  DEC D        RL L                  
 22  AT .      16  LD D, N      RL (HL)               

      
3#lP                             - 100 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
 23  TAB .     17  RLA          RL A                  
 24   ᯮ.  18  JR DIS       RR B                  
 25   ᯮ.  19  ADD HL, DE   RR C                  
 26   ᯮ.  1A  LD A,(DE)    RR D                  
 27   ᯮ.  1B  DEC DE       RR E                  
 28   ᯮ.  1C  INC E        RR H                  
 29   ᯮ.  1D  DEC E        RR L                  
 30   ᯮ.  1  LD E, N      RR (HL)               
 31   ᯮ.  1F  RRA          RR A                  
 32  ஡       20  JR NZ, DIS   SLA B                 
 33  !            21  LD HL, NN    SLA C                 
 34  "            22  DL (NN), HL  SLA C                 
 35  #            23  INC HL       SLA E                 
 36  $            24  INC H        SLA H                 
 37  %            25  DEC H        SLA L                 
 38  &            26  DL H, N      SLA (HL)              
 39  '            27  DAA          SLA A                 
 40  (            28  JR Z, DIS    SRA B                 
 41  )            29  ADD HL,HL    SRA C                 
 42  *            2A  LD HL,NN     SRA D                 
 43  +            2B  DEC HL       SRA E                 
 44  ,            2C  INC L        SRA H                 
 45  -            2D  DEC L        SRA E                 
 46  ?            2E  LD L, N      SRA (HL)              
 47  /            2F  CPL          SRA A                 
 48  0            30  JR NC, DIS                         
 49  1            31  LD SP, NN                          
 50  2            32  LD (NN), A                         
 51  3            33  INC SP                             
 52  4            34  INC (HL)                           
 53  5            35  DEC (HL)                           
 54  6            36  LD (HL), N                         

      
3#lP                             - 101 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
 55  7            37  SCFC, DIS                          
 56  8            38               SRL B                 
 57  9            39  ADD HL, SP   SRL C                 
 58  :            3A  LD A, (NN)   SRL D                 
 59  ;            3B  DEC SP       SRL E                 
 60  <            3C  INC A        SZL H                 
 61  =            3D  DEC A        SRL L                 
 62  >            3E  LD A, N      SRL (HL)              
 63  ?            3F  CCF          SRL A                 
 64  @            40  LD B, B      BIT 0,B     IN B,(C)  
 65  A            41  LD B,C       BIT 0,C     OUT(C),B  
 66  B            42  LD B,D       BIT 0,D     SBC HL,BC 
 67  C            43  LD B,E       BIT 0,E     LD (NN),BC
 68  D            44  LD B,H       BIT 0,H     NEG       
 69  E            45  LD B,L       BIT 0,L     RETN      
 70  F            46  LD B,(HL)    BIT0,(HL)   IM 0      
 71  G            47  LD B,A       BIT 0,A     LD L,A    
 72  H            48  LD C,B       BIT 1,B     IN C,(C)  
 73  I            46  LD C,C       BIT 1,C     OUT C,(C) 
 74  J            4A  LD C,D       BIT 1,D     ADD HL,BC 
 75  K            4B  LD C,E       BIT 1,E     LD BC,(NN)
 76  L            4C  LD C,H       BIT 1,H               
 77  M            4D  LD C,L       BIT 1,L     RET I     
 78  N            4E  LD C,(HL)    BIT 1,(HL)            
 79  O            4F  LD C,A       BIT 1,A     LD R,A    
 80  P            50  LD D,B       BIT 2,B     IN D,(C)  
 81  Q            51  LD D,C       BIT 2,C     OUT (C)   
 82  R            52  LD D,D       BIT 2,D     SBC HL,D  
 83  S            53  LD D,E       BIT 2,E     LD (NN)   
 84  T            54  LD D,H       BIT 2,H               
 85  U            55  LD D,L       BIT 2,L               
 86  V            56  LD D,(HL)    BIT 2,(HL)  IM 1      

      
3#lP                             - 102 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
 87  W            57  LD D,A       BIT 2,A     LD A,L    
 88  X            58  LD E,B       BIT 3,B     IN E,(C)  
 89  Y            59  LD E,C       BIT 3,C     OUT (C)   
 90  Z            5A  LD E,D       BIT 3,D     ADC RL,D  
 91  [            5B IT 3,E    ! L DE, (N)!              
 92  /            5C  LD E,H       BIT 3,H               
 93  ]            5D  LD E,L       BIT 3,L               
 94  ५ . 5  LD E,(HL)    BIT 3(HL)   IM 2      
 95  -            5F  LD E,A       BIT 3,A     LD A,R    
 96   .  60  LD H,B       BIT 4,B     IN  H,(C) 
 97  A()    61  LD H,C       BIT 4,C     OUT (C)   
 98  B()    62  LD H,D       BIT 4,D     SBC HL,N  
 99  C()    63  LD H,E       BIT 4,E     LD (NN)   
100  D()    64  LD H,H       BIT 4,H               
101  E()    65  LD H,L       BIT 4,L               
102  F()    66  LD H,(HL)    BIT 4(HL)             
103  G()    67  LD H,A       BIT 4,A     RRD       
104  H()    68  LD L,B       BIT 5,B     IN L,(C)  
105  I()    69  LD L,C       BIT 5,C     OUT(C),L  
106  J()    6A  LD L,D       BIT 5,D     ADC HL,R  
107  K()    6B  LD L,E       BIT 5,E     LD HL,(N) 
108  L()    6C  LD L,H       BIT 5,H               
109  M()    6D  LD L,L       BIT 5,L               
110  N()    6E  LD L,(HL)    BIT 5,(HL)            
111  O()    6F  LD L,A       BIT 5,A     RID       
112  P()    70  LD (HL),B    BIT 6,B     IN F,(C)  
113  Q()    71  LD (HL),C    BIT 6,C               
114  R()    72  LD (HL),D    BIT 6,D     SBC HL,S  
115  S()    73  LD (HL),E    BIT 6,E     LD(NN),S  
116  T()    74  LD (HL),H    BIT 6,H               
117  V()    75  LD (HL),L    BIT 6,L               
118  U()    76  HALT         BIT 6,(HL)            

      
3#lP                             - 103 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
119  W()    77  LD (HL),A    BIT 6,A               
120  X()    78  LD A,B       BIT 7,B     IN A,(C)  
121  Y()    79  LD A,C       BIT 7,C     OUT (C)   
122  Z()    7  LD A,D       BIT 7,D     ADC HL,S  
123 䨣... 7B  LD A,E       BIT 7,E     LD SP,(R) 
124  .   7C  LD A,H       BIT 7,H               
125 䨣..ࠢ 7D  LD A,L       BIT 7,L               
126          7E  LD A,(HL)    BIT 7,H               
127  C  .     7F  LD A,A       BIT 7,A               
128             80  ADD A,B      RES 0,B               
     O O                                                 
129  O X          81  ADD A,C      RES 0,C               
     O O                                                 
130  X O          82  ADD A,D      RES 0,D               
     O O                                                 
131  X O          83  ADD A,E      RES 0,E               
     O O                                                 
132  O O          84  ADD A,H      RES 0,H               
     O X                                                 
133  O X          85  ADD A,L      RES 0,L               
     O X                                                 
134  X O          86  ADD A,HL     RES 0,(HL)            
     O X                                                 
135  X X          87  ADD A,A      RES 0,A               
     O X                                                 
136  O O          88  ADC A,B      RES 1,B               
     X O                                                 
137  O X          89  ADC A,C      RES 1,C               
     X O                                                 
138  X O          8A  ADC A,D      RES 1,D               
     X O                                                 

      
3#lP                             - 104 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
139  X X          8B  ADC A,E      RES 1,E               
     X O                                                 
140  O O          8C  ADC A,H      RES 1,H               
     X X                                                 
141  O X          8D  ADC A,L      RES 1,L               
     X X                                                 
142  X O          8E  ADC A,(HL)   RES 1,(HL)            
     X X                                                 
143  X X          8F  ADC A,A      RES 1,A               
     X X                                                 
144  (A)          90  SUB B        RES 2,B               
145  (B)          91  SUB C        RES 2,C               
146  (C)          92  SUB D        RES 2,D               
147  (D)          93  SUB E        RES 2,E               
148  (E)          94  SUB H        RES 2,H               
149  (F)          95  SUB L        RES 2,L               
150  (G)          96  SUB (HL)     RES 2,(HL)            
151  (H)          97  SUB A        RES 2,A               
152  (I)          98  SBC A,B      RES 3,B               
153  (J)          99  SBC A,C      RES 3,C               
154  (K)          9A  SBC A,D      RES 3,D               
155  (L)          9B  SBC A,E      RES 3,E               
156  (M)          9C  SBC A,H      RES 3,H               
157  (N)          9D  SBC A,L      RES 3,C               
158  (O)          9E  SBC A,(HL)   RES 3,D               
159  (P)          9F  SBC A,A      RES 3,E               
160  (Q)          A0  AND B        RES 4,B     LDI       
161  (R)          A1  AND C        RES 4,C     CPI       
162  (S)          A2  AND D        RES 4,D     INI       
163  (T)          A3  AND E        RES 4,E     OUT I     
164  (U)          A4  AND H        RES 4,H               
165  RND          A5  AND L        RES 4,L               

      
3#lP                             - 105 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
166  INKEY$       A6  AND (HL)     RES 4,(HL)            
167  PI           A7  AND A        RES 4,A               
168  FN           A8  XOR B        RES 5,B     LOD       
169  POINT        A9  XOR C        RES 5,C     CPO       
170  SCREEN$      AA  XOR D        RES 5,D     IND       
171  ATTR         AB  XOR E        RES 5,E     OUT O     
172  AT           AC  XOR H        RES 5,H               
173  TAB          AD  XOR L        RES 5,L               
174  VAL$         AE  XOR (HL)     RES 5,(HL)            
175  CODE         AF  XOR A        RES 5,A               
176  VAL          B0  OR B         RES 6,B     LOIR      
177  LEN          B1  OR C         RES 6,C     CPIR      
178  SIN          B2  OR D         RES 6,D     INIR      
179  COS          B3  OR E         RES 6,E     OTIR      
180  TAN          B4  OR H         RES 6,H               
181  ASN          B5  OR L         RES 6,L               
182  ACS          B6  OR (HL)      RES 6,(HL)            
183  ATN          B7  OR A         RES 6,A               
184  LN           B8  CP B         RES 7,B     LDDR      
185  EXP          B9  CP C         RES 7,C     CPDR      
186  INT          B9  CP D         RES 7,D     INDR      
187  SQR          BA  CP E         RES 7,E     OTDR      
188  SGN          BB  CP H         RES 7,H               
189  ABS          BD  CP L         RES 7,L               
190  PEEK         BE  CP (HL)      RES 7,(HL)            
191  IN           BF  CP A         RES 7,A               
192  USR          C0  RET NZ       SET 0,B               
193  STR$         C1  POP BC       SET 0,C               
194  CHR$         C2  JP NZ,NN     SET 0,D               
195  NOT          C3  JP NN        SET 0,E               
196  BIN          C4  CALL NZ,NN   SET 0,H               
197  OR           C5  PUSH BC      SET 0,L               

      
3#lP                             - 106 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
198  AND          C6  ADD A,N      SET 0,(HL)            
199  <=           C7  RST 0        SET 0,A               
200  >=           C8  RET Z        SET 1,B               
201  <>           C9  RET          SET 1,C               
202  LINE         CA  JP Z,NN      SET 1,D               
203  THEN         CB               SET 1,E               
204  TO           CC  CALL Z,NN    SET 1,H               
205  STEP         CD  CALL NN      SET 1,L               
206  DEF FN       CE  ADC A,N      SET 1,(HL)            
207  CAT          CF  RST 8        SET 1,A               
208  FORMAT       D0  RET NC       SET 2,B               
209  MOVE         D1  POP DE       SET 2,C               
210  ERASE        D2  JP NC,NN     SET 2,D               
211  OPEN#        D3  OUT (N),A    SET 2,E               
212  CLOSE#       D4  CALL NC,NN   SET 2,H               
213  MERGE        D5  PUSH DE      SET 2,L               
214  VERIFY       D6  SUB N        SET 2,(HL)            
215  BEEP         D7  RST 16       SET 2,A               
216  CIRCLE       D8  RET C        SET 3,B               
217  INK          D9  EXX          SET 3,C               
218  PAPER        DA  JP C,NN      SET 3,D               
219  FLASH        DB  IN A,(N)     SET 3,E               
220  BRIGHT       DC  CALL C,NN    SET 3,H               
221  INVERSE      DD  PREFIXES IN- SET 3,L               
                      STRUCTIONS                         
                      USING IX                           
222  OVER         DE  SBC A,N      SET 3,(HL)            
223  OUT          DF  RST 24       SET 3,A               
224  LPRINT       E0  RET FO       SET 4,B               
225  LLIST        E1  POP HL       SET 4,C               
226  STOP         E2  JP PC,NN     SET 4,D               
227  READ         E3  EX (SP),H   !                      

      
3#lP                             - 107 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1        2       3        4           5           6     
Ĵ
228  DATA         E4  CALL PO,NN   SET 4,H               
229  RESTORE      E5  PUSH HL      SET 4,L               
230  NEW          E6  ANU N        SET 4,(HL)            
231  BORDER       E7  RST 32       SET 4,A               
232  CONTINUE     E8  RET PE       SET 5,B               
233  DIM          E9  JP (HL)      SET 5,C               
234  REM          EA  JP PE ,NN    SET 5,D               
235  FOR          EB  EX DE,HL     SET 5,E               
236  GO TO        EC  CALL PE,NN   SET 5,H               
237  GO SUB       ED               SET 5,L               
238  INPUT        EE  XOR N        SET 5, (HL)           
239  LOAD         EF  RST 40       SET 5,A               
240  LIST         F0  RET P        SET 6,B               
241  LET          F1  POP AF       SET 6,C               
242  PAUSE        F2  JP P,NN      SET 6,D               
243  NEXT         F3  DI           SET 6,E               
244  POKE         F4  CALL P,NN    SET 6,H               
245  PRINT        F5  PUSH AF      SET 6,L               
246  PLOT         F6  OR N         SET 6,(HL)            
247  RUN          F7  RST 48       SET 6,A               
248  SAVE         F8  RET M        SET 7,B               
249  RANDOMIZE    F9  LD SP,HL     SET 7,C               
250  IF           FA  JP M,NN      SET 7,D               
251  CLS          FB  EI           SET 7,E               
252  DRAW         FC  CALL M,NN    SET 7,H               
252  CLEAR        FD  PREFIXES     SET 7,L               
                      INSTRUCTIONS                       
                      USING IY                           
254  RETURN       FE  CP N         SET 7,(HL)            
255  COPY         FF  RST 56       SET 7,A               

      
3#lP                             - 108 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


            B

                        E        F
                       

     ࠭,  ᫨  ⠭
 믮 ண  ᨪ,  㪠뢠T 稭,
맢 ⠭.
    饭   ᮤন          㪢,   ⪮
ᮤঠ   訡 ப  訡  
⮩ ப, ( 㪠뢠  ப 0,  1 ᯮ-
   ப ,   2 ᫥ ᫥ ࢮ  
THEN  ..)
     ﭨ CONTINUE  祭   ᮮ饭.
筮 த 稭  ,  ᯥ஢  
।饬 ᮮ饭,   ᪫祭 - ᮮ饭 0,9  D,
(ᬮ ⠪ ਫ C).

Ŀ
K                 祭                        
Ĵ
 1                       2                            3     
Ĵ
 0  OK (' KE! 冷 )                          ࠧ   
                                                            
    ᯥ譮 襭  室  ப              
    ஬ 쨬 祬  ᥣ.                       
     ᮮ饭   ப               
    ।  CONTINUE                              
Ĵ
 1  NEXT WITHOUT FOR  (NEXT  FOR)                NEXT    
                                                            
    ࠢ饩 ६  ( 뫠 ।-             
       FOR ),   筠 -           
      ⥬  .                                 

      
3#lP                             - 109 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1                       2                            3     
Ĵ
 2  VARIABLE NOT FOUND (६  )            
                                                            
     ⮩ ६ 뤠, ᫨                
    ᯮ  ।⥫쭮 ।           
      LET,READ  INPUT,  㦠-           
        ⠭  -           
    㥬 ६, ᮮ饭 뤠,  ᫨            
      뫠 ।⥫쭮  ।                 
     DIM ।  ᯮ짮                  
    㧪  .                                      
Ĵ
 3  SUBSCRIPT WRONG  (訡 )            - 
                                                   - 
     ॢ蠥 ࠧ୮ ᨢ,         
    訡筮 ᫮  , ᫨            
    ⥫   65536,  뤠             
    ᮮ饭 B.                                            
Ĵ
 4  OUT OF MEMORU ( )                       LET    
                                                    INPUT   
      筮    -       FOR    
    ⢨,   ᢮ ᥡ           DIM    
    㤠  ப, ᯮ DELETE      GO SUB   
    ⥬ 㤠    ப ணࠬ      LOAD   
    (  楫    ᫥⢨),           MERGE   
     ⥫                 
    ஬ CLEAR.                                       
Ĵ
 5   OUT OF SCREEN  (  ࠭)                  INPUT    
                                                   PRINT    
    ᫨ INPUT    祬 23            
    ப    ࠭, ⠪ -           
    砥  PRINT AT 22,....                               

      
3#lP                             - 110 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1                       2                            3     
Ĵ
 6  NUMBER TOO BIG (᫮  ᨬ쭮      䬥- 
    ⨬)                                  ᪨    
     १ ᫥ 稫 ᫮      樨  
     10**38.                                          
Ĵ
 7  RETURN WITHOUT GO SUB ( RETURN   GO SUB)    RETURN   
                                                            
    ⨫  ஢ RETURN, 祬               
    뫮 ஢ GO SUB                                  
Ĵ
 8  END OF FILE (  䠩 )                   樨  
                                                   譥 
                                                     
Ĵ
 9  STOP STATEMENT (  STOP)                  STOP   
                                                            
    ᫥ ⮣ ᮮ饭 CONTINUE                   
     STOP,   । ࠢ            
     ᫥騩 .                                  
Ĵ
 A  INVALID ARGUMENT ( 訡 㬥)           SQR    
                                                      ON    
    㬥 㭪樨  ⨬   ᨨ     ASN    
                                                     ACS    
                                                     USR    
                                                  ப 
                                                  㬥  
      
3#lP                             - 111 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1                       2                            3     
Ĵ
 B  INTEGER OUT OF RANGE  (९ 楫)      RUN    
                                                   RANDOM   
                                                    POKE    
    㣫  楫.   ᨢ      GO TO    
                                                  GO SUB    
                                                    LIST    
                                                   LLIST    
                                                   PAUSE    
                                                   PLOT     
                                                   CHR$     
                                                   PEEK     
                                                   USR(    
                                                  ᫮  
                                                 㬥⮬)
Ĵ
 C  NONSENSE IN BASIC (ࠦ  ᨪ)         VAL    
                                                     VAL$   
     (ப)  ᯮ ᨪ              
    ⨬ ࠦ                                    
Ĵ
 D  BREAK-CONT REPEATS                              LOAD    
                                                    SAVE    
     BREAK   ६ ⢨ -   VERIFY   
    ਩ 樨. ⢨ CONTINUE ᫥     MERGE    
    ⮣  ,   㪠       LPRINT   
    , ࠢ  ᮮ饭 L.            LLIST    
                                                  COPY(⮫-
                                                     
                                                   
                                                  ᨫ  
                                                  ᢥ,
                                                   ⢥-
                                                   N,SPASE
                                                   STOP) 

      
3#lP                             - 112 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1                       2                            3     
Ĵ
 E  OUT OF DATA (  )                       READ    
                                                            
    ⪠ 뤠 READ  ᯨ᮪                 
    DATA .                                          
Ĵ
 F  INVALID FILE NAME (୮  䠩)          SAVE    
                                                            
     SAVE  ⮩ ப               
        10 ᨬ.                       
Ĵ
 G  NO ROOM FOR LINE (    ப)            
                                                            
    筮             ப   
    । ப ணࠬ                    ணࠬ 
Ĵ
 H  STOP IN INPUT                                   INPUT   
                                                            
       稭                  
     STOP,  뫠  INPUT LINE,             
    ⢨ CONTINUE - 筮.                            
Ĵ
 I  FOR WITHOUT NEXT (FOR  NEXT)                  FOR    
                                                            
     FOR  ࠧ  믮,                         
      NEXT  .                               
Ĵ
 J  INWALID I/O DEVISCE (୮ ன⢮       樨
                                                   譨 
                           -뢮)         ன⢮

      
3#lP                             - 113 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1                       2                            3     
Ĵ
   INWALID COLOUR ( 梥)                   INK    
                                                    PAPER   
    ஢ ᫮  ୮          BORDER  
    祭                                        FLASH   
                                                    BRIGHT  
                                                    INVERS  
                                                    OVER    
                                                   ⠪   
                                                  ᫥ 
                                                    ॳ
                                                   -
                                                  ࠢ 
                                                  ᨬ  
Ĵ
 L  BREAK INTO PROGRAMM (BREAK  ६ 믮-   ࠧ   
                          ணࠬ)                     
                                                            
      BREAK;  㦨                
      ࠬ. ப                   
      ப 㪠뢠                  
    믮 । ⨥ BREAK,                      
    CONTINUE 室  ᫥饬 .              
Ĵ
   RAMTOR NO COOD (  RAMTOP   )       CLEAR    
                                                    
    ᫮ 㪠  RAMTOP ᫨誮                
     ᫨誮 .                                       
Ĵ
 N  STATEMENT LOST (  )         RETURN   
                        (  )              NEXT    
    室  , ண 㦥          CONTINUE  

      
3#lP                             - 114 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
 1                       2                            3     
Ĵ
 O  INWALID STREAM ( 訡 ⮪ )       樨
                                                  -    
                                                    뢮  
Ĵ
 P  FN WITHOUT DEF (FN  DEF)                       FN    
                                                            
    ।塞 짮⥫ 㭪  ।-           
       DEF FN.                                
Ĵ
 Q  PARAMETER ERRER ( 訡  ࠬ)             FN    
                                                            
    訡筮  ᫮ 㬥⮢                 
     ⮣ ⨯,   ᠭ.                         
Ĵ
 R  TAPE LOADING ERRER ( 訡 㧪  )  VERIFY   
                                                    LOAD    
       ,   뢠.       MERGE    

      
3#lP                             - 115 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


            C ( 1)

              Eᠭ ப ZX SPEKTRUMF
             

    EF
   

        ZX SPEKTRUM  
㭪樮쭮  祭     ⤥ ᨬ-
 ⠪  楫 ᫮. ⢨ ந 襩 ।-
  筮  ४騬  蠬  (CAPS  SHIFT    SYMBOL
SHIFT),   ०,  ஬ 室 .
      ⮡ࠦ ஬,  饩 㪢,  㪠뢠饩
   㤥  । ᨬ  .
     ᫥騥 ०:
         K - ( 祢 ᫮) KEYWORDS.
      ०  ⮬᪨ ᬥ ०  L,  ᫨  
室         ப  ணࠬ,  
    砫 ப,  ᫥ THEN,  ᫥ ':'
  ᫨   뫮  ४ ,   ⨥  
  㤥 ஢  祢 ᫮  (ᠭ
  )  .
         L - ( 㪢) LETTER.
    ᭮  ०   ,  ᫨   뫮  ४祭
ॣ஢,     ᭮ ᨬ, -
ᥭ   .
      ० L  K  ⨨  襩 ६ 
 SYMBOL SHIFT,  㤥 ஢   ᯮ-
⥫  ᨬ,    ⨨ CAPS SHIFT  ன,  
㤥  ஢  ࠢ 㭪  ᠭ  
    .  ⨥  CAPS SHIFT       
뢠 祢 ᫮  ० K  L.
         C - (  㪢) CAPITAL
     ।⠢ ᮡ ਠ ० L.  ஬  ᯮ-
      
3#lP                             - 116 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
  㪢.
CAPS LOCK ᯮ  室   ० L  C  ⭮.
         E - ( ७) EXTEND
    ᯮ  祭 쭥 ᨬ.  -
 .  ०  ६ ⨥ 
४    㤥ঠ ⥬ ⮫쪮  .  
⮬  ०    ᨬ   (ࠦ  
  ).  ᫨   ४ , 
 ࠦ  ᭮ , ᫨ 㤥ন ४-
 .
    ஢  뤠  ᫨    SYMBOL
SHIFT,  ⨢ 砥  뤠 ᫥⥫쭮 ࠢ-
 梥⮬.
         G - ( 䨪) GRAPHICS.
        ᫥  GRAPHICS ( CAPS SHIFT   9)  
࠭  ᫥饣  ⮩ .
    ஢   뤠  ᪨ ᨬ,
࠭ GRAPHICS  DELETE,    䠢⭠  ,  ஬
V,N,X,Y   Z, 㤥 뤠 । 짮⥫ -
 ᨬ.
    ᫨   㤥 㤥ন  2-3 ᥪ㭤,
 맮 ७ ந  ⢨.
       ந    ࠭,  
ᨬ  ( ⠢ ) ⠢ ।  ஬,  
  ᫠  ⢨ CAPS SHIFT   5,  ࠢ CAPS
SHIFT   8.   । ஬  㤠   DELETE
(CAPS  SHIFT  0),  楫 ப   㤠    EDIT
(CAPS  SHIFT  1)  ᫥騬 ENTER.      ENTER,
믮 ࠭ ப,     ணࠬ, 
 ᯮ  室   INPUT ,    
ப  ᨭ⠪᪨ 訡,   ⮬ 砥 ⨥ [T]
ந室 室  訡.
      ப ணࠬ , ⨭ ⮡ࠦ  -
  ࠭,  ஡   ᠭ  
    ᫥  ப 뢠 ⥪饩   ⬥砥
      
3#lP                             - 117 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
ᨬ  [>],      ᯮ  ६饭
    (CAPS SHIFT  6  CAPS SHIFT  7).
    ᫨  EDIT (CAPS SHIFT  1), ⥪ ப ७
   ࠭  ⠭ 㯭  ।஢.
    ᫨  믮   楫 ணࠬ,    १
⮡ࠦ  孥  ࠭  ࠭   ப
ணࠬ,    ⮩ ப      ࠢ
஬   ,    뤠 ᮮ饭  
ਢ  ਫ B,  ᮮ饭 㪠뢠  訡-
  ப   (0  )     ⮩  ப,
ᮮ饭 ࠭  ࠭     (⮡-
 室  ० K).
      । ⥫⢠ CAPS SHIFT  SPACE  
  BREAK,  ⠭   ᮮ饭ﬨ D  L,   
⮬  ⠭:
       ) 蠥 믮訩  ;
       )  ⢨, 믮塞 ஬ 
          䮭  ਭ஬.

     :
                  [K]:
ͻ    1. ⮥ ⨥           -  ࠭-->
   LN       2. SYMBOL SHIFT             -- ࠭-->
Ķ                                        --   -->
    :       3. CAPS SHIFT               -- ࠭-->
  Z         4. BREAK/SPACE              -- ࠭-->
  COPY      5. SYMBOL SZIFT  CAPS SHIFT        --   -->
Ķ         [E]
  BEEP      6. ⮥ ⨥           -- ࠭-->
ͼ    7. CAPS SHIFT               -- ࠭-->
      
3#lP                             - 118 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    E࠭ ⥫F
   

    ࠭ ⥫ ᮤন 24 ப  32 樨  .
   ,     22 ப ⮡ࠦ -
⨭   뢮  ணࠬ,   뢮  孥  -
    室 ᢥ⪠    ப,    ⮬  
墠뢠 ப,     ࠭.   
⮬  砥  ⠭  ᮬ 'SCROLL?'.  ᫨  ⥯
   N,  SPACE  STOP,   ணࠬ  ⠭  
뤠祩 ᮮ饭 "D BREAK=CONT REPORTS".  ⨥ 㣨 
ࠧ蠥 ᢥ  த 믮.
       ᯮ   ,  ப  ணࠬ
室 INPUT-,  ⠪  ⮡ࠦ ᮮ饭.
      ࠭ ⮨   ப (   -
 -  ७).  ९ 孥 ப ⢫-
 ᢥ⪠.
       ਡ ।騥   
(梥 䮭),    襭 (᭮ 梥).  襭
   મ,   .
    㯭 梥: , 㡮, ,  (䨮-
), ,   .
     ࠭   ⠭  । 梥 ᯮ-
  BORDER.
      ࠧ  88 祪,   䨪 ᨬ-
 ᯥ稢 㠫 ।  窨.
    ਡ   樨 ࠨ   ᨬ 
⠭ 窨 (PIXEL). ᮡ ன । ࠬ-
ࠬ 뢮, 騬   ⠭ (ﭭ   ६)  
 :
        PAPER, INK, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE  OVER.
ﭭ  ࠬ  孥  ࠭ ⠭  
  PAPER,  INK  ..  筮    梥  
譭  窨 (INK)     䮭 (PAPER),  ଠ
મ,  騥,   .  ﭭ ࠬ  
      
3#lP                             - 119 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    ࠭ ᯮ 梥 ࠬ (BORDER  COLOR)  
梥 䮭 (襭),      梥⮬, ଠ
મ,  騥.
    ६ ࠬ ⠭ :
        PAPER, INK  ..
⠢塞묨  :
        PRINT, LPRINT, INPUT, PLOT, DRAW, CIRCLE,
 ⠪ PAPER, INK  ⮬ 묨 ࠢ騬 ᨬ, 
 뢮  ⥫.
    ६  ࠬ ࠭   ⢨  
PRINT ( 㣨).
    ࠬ PAPER   INK  ਭ 祭  0  9.
ࠬ  0  7 । 梥 뢮 ᨬ:
    0 -         (BLACK)
    1 - 㡮       (BLUE)
    2 -        (RED)
    3 - 䨮⮢    (MAGENTA)
    4 -        (GREEN)
    5 - ᨭ         (CYAN)
    6 -         (YELLOW)
    7 -          (WHITE)
ࠬ  8 ।,   梥    뢮  
.
ࠬ 9 (⭮) ।,  梥   
,    뤥   㣨 梥⮢.
    ࠬ FLASH  BRIGHT  ਭ 祭 0, 1  8.
ࠬ 1 㪠뢠,  砥 襭 મ  栭.
ࠬ 0 㪠뢠,  襭 મ  栭 ⪫.
ࠬ 8 㪠뢠,   ⠥  .
    ࠬ OVER  INVERSE  ਭ 祭 0  1.
       OVER 0 -  ᨬ ࠥ 
       OVER 1 -  ண ᨬ   ᨬ ᮥ
             '᪫饣               !  ᨬ
            (OVER PRINTING)
INVERSE 0  -  ᨬ ⠥  ᭮ (⨢)
      
3#lP                             - 120 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


             .
INVERSE 1  -  ᨬ ⠥  ᭮ (⨢) 
       ⥫ । ࠢ騩 ᨬ TAB,  
  ᯮ  ᯥ䨪樨  TAB STOP N (
  訬),  ᯥ稢 ண  32  "N"
(㪠  TAB)  ⥬ 뢮 㦭 ⢠ ஡ 
ᬥ饭 ⥪饩 樨 뢮   "N".
     ᫨  뢮 ।   ࠢ騩 ᨬ, 
뢮 㦭 ⢮ ஡  ॢ ⥪饩 樨
뢮   0  16.
     ᫨ । ࠢ騩 ᨬ ENTER,   뢮
ॢ  ᫥ ப.


      E      F
     

    뢮    ਭ  ⢫ १       32
ᨬ, । ப 뤠    ਭ  ᫥-
 :
      )   祭 뢮;
      )   ।   ᨬ ENTER;
      )   襭 ணࠬ, ᫨  ⠫  㣨
           ;
      )  ᫨ ⨫ ࠢ騥 ᨬ TAB  ,
          ॡ騥 ॢ ப.
     ࠢ騥 ᨬ TAB   ந 뢮 ஡
 ࠡ  ⥫஬.
     ࠢ騩  ᨬ AT    뢮,  ᯮ
᫮ 饥 .
     ਭ ⠪ ࠢ쭮 ॠ  ࠢ騥 ᨬ
INVERSE, OVER (   ⥬   ),   ਭ
PAPER, INK, FLASH  BRIGHT .
       BREAK ਭ ⠭  뤠祩 ᮮ饭.
 ⢨ ਭ 뢮   ⢫.
      
3#lP                             - 121 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


            C ( 2)

                E ணࠬ஢ ᨪF
               

                     Eࠢ筮 ᮡF


      ᫠  ⥬   筮 9  10 .
     襥 ᫮ 10**38, 襥 ⥫쭮 ᫮
4*10**(-39). ᫠  ७ ।⠢  ᫠ 
饩 (筮)  窮,  뤥    -
⥫ ⥯ "E"  (ᯮ)  ࢠ  1  255, 
 ⮢   "M"  ࢠ  0.5  1 (M^=1),
।⠢ ᫮ M*2**E(-128).
     ᪮ 1/"<=<1, 訩 騩   ᥣ
᫥⥫쭮,      ,騩 
0 -  ⥫쭮 ᫠  1 -  ⥫쭮.
     襥  楫   ᯥ樠 ।⠢    ஬
  0, ன   ( 0  FFH ),  ⨩ 
⢥  ᠬ  ᫮  ⥫쭮  (訥  騥
  ࢮ ).
    ᫮ ६   ந쭮 , 稭饩-
  㪢  த饥 㪢  ࠬ, ஡  ᨬ
ࠢ  梥⮬    㪢 ८ࠧ  -
쭮 㯠 .
    ࠢ騥 ६   FOR-NEXT 横    -
    㪢.
    ᫮  ᨢ        㪢,  
  ⠪ ,    ᪠୮ ६,    ᨢ
    ந쭮  ⢮ ७    ந
ࠧ. 砫  ᥣ 1.
    ப  ᨬ    ᢮  ,    ப
६   ⫨稨  ⮩ ६ 稢  
 ($).
      
3#lP                             - 122 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    ப  ᨢ ⠪   ந쭮  ⢮
७  ࠧ,    ।⠢ ᮡ    㪢  
᫥騩   ᨬ $,    ᮢ   ⮩
ப ᨬ.
      ப   ᨢ   䨪஢  ,  
।  ᫮,  騬 ᫥ ࠧ୮  
DIM. 砫  1.
    ப  ப   祭  祭.  祭
 :
    ) ;
    ) ᫮ ࠦ;
    )    '᫮ ࠦ ' ''  㣨  '᫮
        ࠦ'  ᯮ짮 :
        *) ப ࠦ (祭);
       **) ப ᨢ ६
           (  1,  2, ....  N, 祭)
             ⮦ ᠬ
           (  1,  2, .......  N) (祭).
     砥 *) ப ࠦ  祭 S$.  ᫨ 祭
ᨢ ,  S$ ⠥ ப  ᠬ ᥡ.
    ᫨  祭 ।⠢ ᫮ ࠦ   祭
'M',  १⮬ 㤥 M- ᨬ  S$( ப  1)
    ᫨ 祭 ।⠢  ଥ B)  ࢮ ᫮  
    祭 'M' (㬠稢 祭 1),    ஥
'N' (㬠稢 祭 S$),  ᫨ 1<=M<=N<, 祬  S$, 
१⮬ 㤥 ப  S$  M- 砫 ᨬ 
N- .
    ᫨  0<=N<M,    १⮬ 㤥  ப,    
㣮 砥 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡 '3'.
    祭  믮 । 㭪樥    樥,  
⢫, ᫨ ᪮  ।ᠭ ᤥ .
    ப   (ᬮ  LET), ᫨ 
ப ᠭ  ப ࠫ,   㤢.
      
3#lP                             - 123 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                          E      F
                         

Ŀ
          ⨯        ⢨ (頥 祭)     
 㭪樨  㬥                                          
Ĵ
    1         2                        3                     
Ĵ
   ABS      ᫮    ᮫⭮ 祭                     
Ĵ
   ACS      ᫮    ᨭ  ࠤ, 뤠 ᮮ饭 
                     訡 , ᫨     ࢠ   
                      -1  1                              
Ĵ
   AND    ᪠                                         
                                                     
          ࠢ                                             
          ࠭                                            
          ᥣ                                             
          ᫮.                                             
          ᫥ -                                          
           :                                          
          -᫮,                  , ᫨ <>0             
           ⮣------>   AND B =<                           
                                  L B, ᫨ =0              
                                                             
          - ப,               $, ᫨ <>0             
            ⮣-----> $ AND B=<                            
                                 L " " , ᫨ =0            
Ĵ
   ASN      ᫮    ᨭ  ࠤ, 뤠 ᮮ饭   
                     , ᫨    ࢠ  -1  1 
Ĵ
   ATN      ᫮    ⠭  ࠤ.                  

      
3#lP                             - 124 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
    1         2                        3                     
Ĵ
       ᫮- ᫮,   ண, ।⠢- 
           -   ᮡ ਡ Y- 樨 X-   
           X   ப ࠭,  7 (訩) ࠢ:   
          Y, -   饣 ,  0  -  
          砥    饣,   5  3 - 梥 䮭,   
           ᪮    2   1 - 梥  訢,  뤠   
                     ᮮ饭 B, ᫨ 0<=<=23  0<=Y<=31.  
Ĵ
   BIN                 筠 㭪,  BIN 뢠-
                      ᫥⥫쭮 㫥    
                     ।⠢ ᮡ 筮 ।⠢- 
                      ᫠, ஥ 뢠  - 
                     .                                   
Ĵ
   CHR$      ᫮   ᨬ, 祩  ।⠢ ᫮ X,    
                     㣫  襬 楫.        
Ĵ
   CODE     ப    ࢮ ᨬ  ப X(  0,  
           ᨬ  ᫨  -  ப).                
Ĵ
   COS     ᫮ B   ᨭ                                
          ࠤ                                           
Ĵ
   EXP      ᫮      ⥯                            
Ĵ
    FN               FN  ᫥騬 ,  ।  
                     짮⥫ 㭪樨 ( , DEF), - 
                         ᪮, ,
                     ᫨  㬥⮢, ᪮  ࠢ   
                      뢠.                    

      
3#lP                             - 125 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
    1         2                        3                     
Ĵ
     IN      ᫮   ⢫   ஢ ய- 
                        X (0<=<=FFFFH), -
                       ॣ஢ BC I 믮  
                      楬 IN A(C).             
Ĵ
  INKEY$          ⥭  , 頥 ᨬ  
                        (  ० [L]  
                     [C]), ᫨ 뫮 ⢨⥫쭮 ⨥  
                     ,    ப  ⨢ 
                     砥.                                 
Ĵ
   INT       ᫮   㣫  襬 襬 楫 
Ĵ
   LEN      ப    ப                            
           ᨬ                                          
Ĵ
    LN      ᫮    ࠫ , 뤠 ᮮ饭  
                     , ᫨ <=0.                           
Ĵ
   NOT       ᫮   0, ᫨ <>0, 1, ᫨ =0.      
                      ⢥ ਮ               
Ĵ
    ON    -                                           
           -            1, ᫨ B<>0                
          .      OR B =<                              
          ࠭             L , ᫨ =0                 
          ᫠       ன ਮ          
Ĵ
   PEEK      ᫮   祭      ,    
                     㣫  襬 楫        
Ĵ
    PI            ᫮  ( 3,12159265...)               

      
3#lP                             - 126 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
    1         2                        3                     
Ĵ
  POINT    ᫮- 1, ᫨ 窠 ࠭  न⠬ (X,Y)
           -  襭. 0, ᫨  窠  梥 
              䮭. 뤠 ᮮ襭 B, ᫨  믮-
          Y, -   ᫮ 0<=<=255  0<=Y<=175    
          祭                                            
          ᪮                                             
Ĵ
    RND           । ᥢ砩 ᫮  - 
                     ⥫쭮, 砥  
                      75 ⥯  ᫠ 65537, ᫮  
                       ࢠ 0<=Y<=1.              
Ĵ
 SCREEN $  ᫮- ᨬ (  ),  
           -    ࠭  ப , 樨
              Y.   ப, ᫨ ᨬ    
          Y, -  .                                
          祭                                            
          ᪮                                             
Ĵ
   SGN       ᫮   -1, ᫨ <0                            
                      0, ᫨ =0                            
                      1, ᫨ >0                            
Ĵ
   SIN    ᫮     ᨭ                                  
          ࠤ                                           
Ĵ
   SGR      ᫮    ७  . 뤠 ᮮ饭 , 
                     ᫨ <0.                               
Ĵ
   STR$     ᫮    ப ᨬ,       
                     ⮡ࠦ,   ᫨      뢮.     

      
3#lP                             - 127 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
    1         2                        3                     
Ĵ
   USR    ப      㯯 ⮢,  ।-
          ᨬ    짮⥫ ᨬ  ९
                       .                               
Ĵ
   VAL    ப     ᫥   ᫮ ࠦ    
          ᨬ   뤠 ᮮ饭 C ,  ᫨  ᮤন   
                     ᨭ⠪᪨ 訡   ப
                     ( ᫮) 祭.        
                     㣨 訡                           
Ĵ
   VAL$   ப        ப ࠦ,    
          ᨬ   뤠 ᮮ饭 , ᫨  ᮤন ᨭ-
                     ⠪ 訡    ப
                     ( ᫮) ࠦ.                  




                         E       F
                        


    䨪:
    -    ᫮     ⥫쭮 祭
    䨪      ( 宯࠭):
    +    ᫮  ᥫ,   ப
    -    ⠭
    *    㬭
    /    
   **      ⥯ (५ ), ᮮ饭
                               ᫨  ࠭ ⥫
      
3#lP                             - 128 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    =ࠢ⢮
    >                  ࠭  
    <                  ⨯, १ ࠢ
   >=      ࠢ   ᫨ ࠢ ⨭  
   <=      ࠢ   ࠢ 0, ᫨ .
   <>     ࠢ          

㭪樨  樨  ᫥騥 ਮ:

          祭           -12
         㭪樨  ᪫祭:
            NOT  䨪᭮    -11
          ⥯           -10
        䨪                - 9
        *, /                           - 8
        +, -(⠭)                - 6
        =, >, <, <=, >=, < >           - 5
        NOT                            - 4
        AND                            - 3
        OR                             - 2


                        E        F
                       

ਭ 祭:
 -  㪢;
V - ६;
X,Y,Z- ᫮ ࠦ;
,N -  ᫮ ࠦ,  㣫  襬
       楫
 - ஥ ࠦ;
F - ࠦ, 祭;
S - ᫥⥫쭮 ஢, ࠧ 稥;
 - ᫥⥫쭮 ᨬ ࠢ 梥⮬. 
    稢 ⮩  窮  ⮩. 梥⮢      
3#lP                             - 129 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


    ᨬ   ࠭;
    PAPER, INK, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE  OVER.
    ⥪  ந쭮  ࠦ  ᯮ    
  ப ( ᪫祭  ப,    ࠧ
 砫 ப).
      ஬ INPUT,  DEF  DATA  ᯮ짮 
    ணࠬ.
      ப ணࠬ  ᮤঠ ᪮쪮 
஢, ࠧ 稥 (':').
 ࠭祭     ப,    
 ࠭祭  IF  REM.
   몠 ᢥ  ᫥ ⠡:

Ŀ
                        ⢨             
Ĵ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
   BEEP X,Y               ந  ⥫쭮    
                           ᥪ.  ⮩  ⮭   
                           ᭮ ⮭  ( ,-  
                            ⥫쭮).                
Ĵ
   BORDER M               ⠭ 梥 ࠬ ()  
                          ࠭, 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡  
                          , ᫨ 0 >  > ,                  
Ĵ
  BRIGHT M                ⠭ મ 뢮    
                          ᨬ:                            
                           0 -  筮 મ,           
                           1 -  襭 મ,        
                           8 - ࠭  મ 
Ĵ
  CAT                      MIKRODRIVE   ࠡ⠥         

      
3#lP                             - 130 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  CIRKLE X,Y,Z            ࠦ   㦭     
                          業஬  窥  न⠬      
                          (X,Y)   ࠤᮬ Z,                
Ĵ
  CLEAR                   㭨⮦  ६  頥
                            , 믮    
                          RESTORE  CLS, ⠭ PLOT   
                               ࠭ 
                           頥 GO SUB  ⥪,             
Ĵ
   CLEAR N                  CLEAR, O ⥫쭮 -
                           ⥬ ६ RAMTOP  
                           "N"    GO SUB ⥪,  
Ĵ
   CLOSE#                  MIKRODRIVE  ࠡ⠥,         
Ĵ
   CLS                    (CLEAR SCREEN)  頥 䠩 ࠭,
Ĵ
   CONTINUE               த 믮 ணࠬ,- 
                          ⮩ ࠭  ⠭  ᮮ- 
                          饭, ⫨  0, ᫨ 뫮    
                          ᮮ饭 9  0,  믮    
                          த  ᫥饣 - 
                          ,  㣨   ⮣ -
                          ,  稫 訡, ᫨ ᮮ-
                          饭    ப,⮳
                          CONTINUE 맮    
                           ப  ३  横, 
                          ᫨ 뫮 ᮮ饭 0:1,  ᮮ- 
                          饭 0, ᫨ 뫮 0:2,   -
                          饭 N, ᫨ 뫮 0:3  , 
                           ⢥ CONTINUE ᯮ    
                          祢 ᫮ CONT   . 

      
3#lP                             - 131 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
   COPY                   뫠  22 ப ࠭  
                          ਭ, ᫨  祭, ,
                            COPY  ᯥ -
                          騩  ࠭ ⮬᪨    
                          ⨭, 뤠 ᮮ饭 ᫨ -  
                            BREAK,                 
Ĵ
   DATA  E1,E2,E3,...      ᯨ᪠ , ᯮ- 
                            ணࠬ,                 
Ĵ
   DEF FNA(A1,A2,..AK)=E  ।塞 짮⥫ 㭪  
                           ᯮ  ணࠬ    
                          ,1,2  .. ⢥ 㪢   
                           㪢  $  ப 㬥-
                          ⮢, 祭, ᯮ ଠ   
                          DEF FNA( ), ᫨  㬥,     
Ĵ
   DELETE F                MICRODRIVE  ࠡ⠥          
Ĵ
   DIM A(N1,N2,...NK)     㭨⮦ ᨢ   ""     
                          ⠭ ᫮ ᨢ""   
                          "" ७ﬨ  ᢠ ᥬ  
                           ⠬ 祭 0,           
Ĵ
   DIM A$(N1,N2,...NK)    㭨⮦ ᨢ  ப  - 
                           "$"  ⠭ ᨬ 
                          ᨢ  "" ७ﬨ  ᢠ- 
                           ᥬ  ⠬ 祭" " 
                          " ", ᨢ   ।⠢  
                           ᨢ ப 䨪஢ - 
                           NK,  -1 ࠧ୮, ᮮ饭
                          4 뤠, ᫨ 筮  
                           ࠧ饭 ᨢ,ᨢ  -
                          ।  ᠭ   DIM,

3#lP                             - 132 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
   DRAW X,Y                 ᠬ    DRAW X,Y,0       
                                             
Ĵ
   DRAW X,Y,Z             ࠦ   ⥪饩 -  
                          ᪮ 樨    -   
                          ﬨ X,Y  㣥  Z ࠤ, 뤠
                          ᮮ饭 8  室  ।   
                          ࠭,                             
Ĵ
   ERAZE                   MICRODRIVE   ࠡ⠥         
Ĵ
   FLASH N                ।, 㤥  ᨬ - 
                          騬   ﭭ ᢥ祭,N=1  
                            栭, N=8,  ࠭  
                          ।饣 ﭨ,              
Ĵ
   FOR A=X TO Y           FOR A=X TO Y STEP 1                 
Ĵ
   FOR A=X TO Y STEP Z    㭨⮦ ᪠ ६ "" 
                           ⠭ ࠢ ६-
                            "", ।"", 蠣 饭 
                          "Z", 横  㪠   
                          ⢥ত ᫥ FOR .    
                          ஢ ᫨ 砫쭮 祭   
                           ( ᫨ STEP >=0)    
                          (᫨ STEP < 0 ), 祬 ।,     
                          ந室 室  ⢥ত    
                          NEXT A  뤠 ᮮ饭 1, ᫨ 
                           (.NEXT), ᮮ饭 4 뤠,
                          ᫨ 筮   ࠧ-
                           ଥ,                     
Ĵ
   FORMAT F                MIKRODRIVE  ࠡ⠥          

      
3#lP                             - 133 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
   GO SUB N               ⠫ ப  ஬    
                          GO SUB  ⥪  ᯮ짮 ,   
                          ⥬  GO TO N 뤠  ᮮ- 
                           4. ᫨   ணࠬ  -
                          訫  RETURN.                    
Ĵ
   GO TO N                த 믮 ணࠬ   
                          ப  'N'  饭,     ࢮ 
                          ப ᫥ ⮩.                  
Ĵ
   IF X THEN S            ᫨ '' ⨭ ( ࠢ 0),    
                          믮  'S'. 'S'               
                             ப.          
                          ଠ 'IF X THEN  ப'      
                          ⨬                         
Ĵ
   INK N                  ⠭ 梥 訢     
                          (..梥,   ࠦ-
                           ᨬ  梥 䮭).'N'      
                          ࢠ  0  7 㪠뢠 梥. 
                          N=8-⠢ 梥  ,    
                          N=9-㢥祭 .           
                          뤠 ᮮ饭 , ᫨ 'N'  - 
                            ࢠ  0  9.          

      
3#lP                             - 134 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
   INPUT ...               '...'  ᫥⥫쭮   
                           ᨬ, ࠧ塞   
                            PRINT 묨, 窠 
                           ⮩  䠬; 묨
                          ᨬ  :               
                            )  PRINT-ᨬ, 稭-
                               騩    㪢;            
                            )  ६                 
                            ) ப  ६ ப- 
                                ⨯.                     
                          PRINT-ᨬ  砥 ) ।⠢- 
                           ⠪ ,        
                          PRINT,  ᪫祭 ⮣ ,     
                            뢮       
                          ࠭ .  砥 )  -
                              ண 
                          ࠦ  , 祭 -
                          ண 㤥 ᢮ ६,  
                           ⢫  ࠧ,
                           ᨭ⠪᪨ 訡 뤠    
                          騬 [?].  ப - 
                             ⠭ 
                           ࠧ饭  ⠪ ப     
                          (   室    
                           㢥祭), ᫨  멳
                          ᨬ STOP,  ணࠬ ⠭-
                            ᮮ饭 . 砩 ) -
                            )  ⮩  ࠧ楩,
                            ଠ ।⠢
                          ᮡ ப ࠫ ࠭祭-
                           . STOP  ⮬ 砥     
                          ࠡ⠥.  ⠭     
                             ' '       

3#lP                             - 135 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  INVERSE N               ᨬ ࠢ ᨥ 뢮- 
                           ᨬ, ᫨ N=0. ᨬ - 
                             筮   ᮢ 
                          梥⮬ 訢 (INK)   梥⮬ 
                          䮭 (PAPER), ᫨ N=1, 梥⮢ -
                          襭 ࠦ ᨬ   
                           ⭮, ᬮ  B,   
                          뤠  , ᫨ 'N'  0   
                           1.                              
Ĵ
  LET V=E                 ᢠ 祭 '' ६ 
                          'V'. 祢 ᫮ LET      
                           饭. ᪠ୠ ६  
                           ।,     
                           LET, READ  INPUT.     
                          ᫨ 'V' 㥬 ப -
                          ६  祭 ப -
                          ᨢ (ப),   ᢠ  
                          ⢫  祭 ࠢ   
                            ஡  䨪- 
                          ஢ .                     
Ĵ
  LIST                     ,   LIST O.                
Ĵ
  LIST N                  뢠 ⥪ ணࠬ  
                           ࠭, 稭  ࢮ      
                          ப, 襩, 祬 'N',    
                          'N' ⥪饩 ப.                
Ĵ
  LLIST                    ,   LIST 0.                
Ĵ
  LLIST N                  LIST,  뢮 ⢫-  
                            ਭ.                    

      
3#lP                             - 136 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  LOAD F                  㦠 ணࠬ  ६    
Ĵ
  LOAD F DATA  ()         㦠 ᫮ ᨢ           
Ĵ
  LOAD F DAT$()           㦠 ப ᨢ          
Ĵ
  LOAD F CODE M,N         㦠 訥 'N' ⮢, - 
                             'N'.                   
Ĵ
  LOAD F CODE M           㦠 , 稭     
                          'M'.                                
Ĵ
  LOAD F CODE             㦠   ⮬     
                           ண  뫨 ࠧ㦥      
Ĵ
  LOAD F SCREEN$          筮 LOAD F CODE 16384,6912.  
                          頥 䠩 ࠭  㦠     
                           ⭮ 䮭.           
                          ᬮ  20.                    
Ĵ
  LPRINT                   PRINT,  ᯮ        
                          ਭ.                            
Ĵ
  MERGE F                  LOAD F,   ࠥ   
                           ணࠬ  ,  -
                           ⮫쪮  ப  ६,   
                            ᮢ   
                           ⠪   .               
Ĵ
  MOVE F1,F2               MIKRODRIVE  ࠡ⠥.         

      
3#lP                             - 137 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  NEW                     ᪠   ⥬ ணࠬ-
                          ஢ ᨪ, 㭨⮦     
                          ணࠬ  ६  ᯮ㥬-
                           ,       
                          ⥬ ६ RAMBOT,  - 
                          ࠭ ⥬ ६ UDG,   
                          P RAMT, RASF  PIP.                 
Ĵ
  NEXT A                  A) 室 ࠢ ६   
                          '';                                
                          ) ਡ   祭 STEP   
                          ) ᫨ STEP>=0,  祭 ''     
                          ⠫  祭 '। ',    
                           STEP<0, A 祭 ''    
                          祬 祭 '।'               
                           ந室 室     
                          横                               
Ĵ
  OPEN#                    MIKRODRIVE  ࠡ⠥          
Ĵ
  OUT M,N                 뢮  'N'   ''. - 
                           믮  ஢ ய- 
                           (㦠  ॣ஢ -
                           BC  '',   ॣ  -'' 
                          믮  ᥬ OUT   
                          (C),A)                              
                          0<=M<=65535, -255<=N<=255,          
                           뤠 ᮮ饭 B.         

      
3#lP                             - 138 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  OVER N                  ࠢ騩 ᨬ 뢠   
                           뢥 ப, ᫨ N=0,   
                          뢮 ᨬ ࠥ - 
                          騩   樨, ᫨ N=1,    
                            ᨬ ᮥ  - 
                          , ࠧ 訢騩 梥,    
                           ᫮,   ᨬ  
                          㪠 梥 ⫨筮  ண, 
                           梥 䮭, ᫨  㪠뢠   
                               梥 ( 䮭,   
                           ᫮  -  
                           2). ᬮ ਫ B.       
Ĵ
  PAPER N                  INK,  ࠢ 梥⮬    
                          䮭.                               
Ĵ
  PAUSE N                 ⠭ 믮 ࠬ   
                           ন ࠦ  ࠭ 
                           'N' ஢ ( 50 ஢  ᥪ. -  
                           ஢ ࠧ⪨)      
                            .              
                          0<=N<=65535,  뤠 ᮮ- 
                           B,  N=0 ६ প     
                          뢠  த  ࢮ-
                            .                 

      
3#lP                             - 139 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  PLOT C:M,N              뢮  訢饣 梥  
                          ( ࠡ⠭ OVER  INVERSE)     
                          न⠬ (ABS(M),ABS(N)) ᬥ 
                           (PLOTPOSITION)   
                          ᫨ 梥⮢ ᨬ 'C'  ᯥ-
                          ஢ , TO 梥 訢 
                           樨,  ᯮ  窠
                            ⥪騩 ᯫ譮 - 
                          訢騩 梥,  㣨 㪠  
                          (梥 䮭, 栭, મ) -
                            .                 
                          0<=ABS(M)<=255,  0<=ABS(N)<=175,    
                           ᮮ饭 B.                  
Ĵ
  POKE M,N                뢠 祭 'N'   -  
                             'N'.                 
                          0<=N<=65535.                        
                          -255<=N<=255,  ᮮ饭 B.    
Ĵ
  PRINT....                '...' ᫥⥫쭮 PRINT  
                          ᨬ, ࠧ 묨   
                          窠  ⮩  䮬,   
                           뢮  ࠭ 䠩   
                           ⮡ࠦ  ࠭ ⥫࠳
                          窠  ⮩ ᠬ ⢨  -
                          뢠,  ᯮ  ࠧ࠭-
                          祭 ᨬ,  ஦ - 
                          ࠢ騩 ᨬ '',  - 
                           ஦ ᨬ ENTER.        
                             PRINT, ᫨     
                          稢 窮  ⮩, - 
                          ⮩  䮬, ⮬᪨ 

      
3#lP                             - 140 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
                          뢮 ᨬ ENTER.             
                          PRINT-ᨬ  :          
                            )  ப (.. 祣)    
                            ) ᫮ ࠦ.            
                          ᫨ 祭 ࠦ ⥫쭮
                           뢮  .            
                          ᫨ <= 10**(-5)  >= 10**(5)   
                          뢮 ⢫  ⥫쭮
                          ଥ,  ।⠢ 8- 
                          ࠬ ( ଠ樥) 筮
                          窮 ( ⮫쪮 ⮣,   
                              ) ᫥   
                          ࢮ , ⥫ ⥯ -
                          뢠 ᫥  ᫥騬 - 
                             ࠬ 浪,  
                          뢮  筮 筮    
                          ᫮  8- 騬 ࠬ     
                            ) ப ࠦ.           
                           ப  ஡   ᫥
                          ᨬ. ࠢ騥 ᨬ - 
                           ।塞  ⢨,   
                          ࠦ  ࠭ ᨬ 뢮-  
                            '7'.                      
                            )  ,N                         
                          뢮  ப '',  'N'.    
                            ) TAB N                          
                          뢮 ࠢ饣 ᨬ TAB  -
                          ᫥騬  ⠬ 'N ( 
                           訩), 뢠 TAB ⠭.
                            ) 梥⮢ ᨬ  ଥ PAPR, 
                          INK, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE      
                          OVER .                     

      
3#lP                             - 141 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  RANDOMIZE                ,   RANDOMIZE 0            
Ĵ
   RANDOMIZE  N           ⠭ ⥬ ६  
                          SEED, ᯮ㥬  ᫥   
                          । 祭 㭪樨 RND.    
                          ᫨ N<>0,  SEED ਭ - 
                           㣮 ⥬ ६     
                          FRAMES, 뢠騩 , ⮡- 
                          ࠦ  ࠭,  ᯥ稢
                           砩 ᫮.     
                          ᪠ ᮪饭 RAND (. - 
                          ), 뤠 ᮮ饭 B, ᫨ 'N' 
                             ࢠ  0  65535. 
Ĵ
  READ V1, V2, ...VK      ᢠ ६   -
                           祭 ᫥⥫쭮 ।-  
                          ⠢  ᯨ᪥ DATA.           
Ĵ
  REM...                   믮. '...'      
                          ᫥⥫쭮 ᨬ (᪫-
                           ENTER),   -  
                          稥 (':')  㪠 ⢨   
                          ஢  ப  REM.          
Ĵ
  RESTORE                   ᠬ,    RESTORE 0.     
Ĵ
  RESTORE  N              १뢠 㪠⥫     
                              D   ப   
                          訬, 祬 'N'. ᫥騩 
                          READ 筥 뢠 .      

      
3#lP                             - 142 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  RETURN                  뫠   GO SUB  ⥪
                           । ࠢ  ப -
                           , 뤠 ᮮ饭 7, ᫨   
                           㪠뢠   ⥪. 
                          ࠪୠ 訡,   
                          GO SUB  ᡠ஢ -  
                          ࠬ RETURN.                        
Ĵ
  RUN                       ᠬ,   RUN 0.           
Ĵ
  RUN N                   CLEAR,  ⥬ GO TO N              
Ĵ
  SAVE F                  뢠   ணࠬ      
                          ६.                         
Ĵ
  SAVE F LINE N           뢠   ணࠬ  - 
                          ६ ⠪ ࠧ,   -
                          㧪 ணࠬ ⮬᪨ 믮-
                            ப 'N'                
Ĵ
  SAVE F DATA ()             ᫮ ᨢ   
Ĵ
  SAVE F DATA$ ()            ப ᨢ $
Ĵ
  SAVE F CODEM,N          뢠   'N' ⮢ -
                             ''.                   
Ĵ
  SAVE F SCREEN$          筮 SAVE F CODE 16384,6912   
                          뤠 ᮮ饭 F, ᫨ 'F'  
                          ப     10,    
                          ᬮ  20                     

      
3#lP                             - 143 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

Ŀ
           1                              2                   
Ĵ
  STOP                    ⠭ 믮 ணࠬ  
                          뤠祩 ᮮ饭 9, CONTINUE (- 
                          ) 㤥 ⢫    
                          ᫥饣                 
Ĵ
   VERIFY                  ,    LOAD,   ᪫祭 
                          ⮣,   㦠   
                          ࠢ  室騬 ⠬.    
                          뤠 ᮮ饭 B, ᫨ -  
                               ᮢ騩   
                          .                               

      
3#lP                             - 144 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


            D

                 E                F
                

      ਫ ᮤন  ਬ  ணࠬ,  
騥  ZX SPEKTRUM.
    ࢠ      ணࠬ ॡ         
,  ᮮ⢥ ⮩ .

     10 REM KONVERT DATE TO DAY
     20 DIM D$(7,6): REM DAYS OF WEEK
     30 FOR N=1 TO 7: READ D$(N): NEXT N
     40 DIM M(12): REM LENGTHS OF MONTHS
     50 FOR N=1 TO 12: READ M(N):NEXT N
    100 REM INPUT DA
    110 INPUT "DAY?":DAY
    120 INPUT "WONTH?":WONTH
    130 INPUT "YEAR (20TH CENTURY ONLY) ?":YEAR
    140 IF YEAR<1901 THEN PRINT "20TH CENTURY STARTS AT 1901":
        GO TO 100
    150 IF YEAR>2000 THEN PRINT "20TH CENTURY ENDS AT 2000":
        GO TO 120
    160 IF MONTH <1 THEN GO TO 210
    170 IF MONTH>12 THEN GO TO 210
    180 IF YEAR/4-INT(YEAR/4)=0 THEN LET M(2)=29: REM LEAP YEAR
    190 IF DAY>M(MONTH) THEN PRINT "THIS MONTH HAS ONLY":
        M(MONTH):"DAYS": GO TO 500
    200 IF DAY>0 THEN GO TO 300
    210 PRINT "STUFF AND NONSENSE. GIVE ME A REAL DATE."
    220 GO TO 500
    300 REM CONVERT DATE TO NUMBER OF DAYS SINCE START OF CENTURY
    310 LET Y=YEAR-1901
    320 LET B=365*Y+INT(Y/4):REM NUMBER OF DAUS TO START OF YEAR
    330 FOR N=1 TO MONTH-1: REM ADD ON PREVIOUS MONTH
      
3#lP                             - 145 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
    340 LET B=B+M(N):NEXT N
    350 LET B=B+DAY
    400 REM SONVERT TO DAY OF WEEK
    410 LET B=B-7*INT(B/7)+1
    420 PRINT DAY;"/";MONTH;"/";YEAR
    430 FOR N=6 TO3 STEP-1:REM REMUVE TRAILING SPACES
    440 IF D$(B,N) <>" " THEN GO TO 460
    450 NEXT N
    460 LET E$=D$(B,TON)
    470 PRINT "IS A";E$;"DAY"
    500 LET M(2)=28:REM RESTORE FEBRUARY
    510 INPUT "AGAIN",A$
    520 IF A$ ="N"THEN GO TO 540
    530 IF A$<>"N' THEN GO TO 100
   1000 REM DAYS OF WEEK
   1010 DATA "MON","TUES","WEDNES"
   1020 DATA "THURS","FRI","SATUR","SUN"

  ணࠬ  ⠭ ᮮ⢥⢨  म,  ⮬  
:

     10 INPUT "YARDS?","YD","FEET","FT","INCHES",IN
     40 GO SUB 2000:REM PRINT THE VALUES
     50 PRINT " = "
     70 GO SUB 1000: REM THE ADJUSTMENT
     80 GO SUB 2000: REM PRINT THE ADJUSTED VALUES
     90 PRINT
    100 GO TO 10
   1000 REM SUBROUTINE TO ADJUST YD,FT,IN TO THE NORMAL FORM FOR
        YARDS, FEET AND INCHES
   1010 LET IN=35*YD+12*FT+IN:REM NOW EVERYTHING IS IN INCHES
   1030 LET S=SGN IN: LET IN=ABS IN: REM WE WORK WITH IN
        POSITIVE, HOLDING ITS SIGN IN S
   1060 LET FT=INT(IN/12): LET IN=(IN-12*FT)*S: REM NOW IN IS OR
   1080 LET YD=INT(FT/3)*S: LET FT=FT*S-3*YD:RETURN
      
3#lP                             - 146 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

   
   2000 REM  SUBROUTINE TO PRINT YD,FT AND IN "    PRINT  YD;"
        YD";FT;"FT";IN;"IN";:RETURN
      ணࠬ    뢠       
'⠩':
      5 RANDOMIZE
     10 FOR M=1 TO 6: REM FOR 6 THROWS
     20 LET C=0:REM INITIALIZE COINN TOTAL TO 0
     30 FOR N=1 TO 3: REM FOR 3 COINS
     40 LET C=C+2+INT(2*RND)
     50 NEXT N
     60 PRINT "   "
     70 FOR N=1 TO 2: REM 1BT FOR THE THROWN HEXAGRAM,
                          2 ND FOR THE CHANGES
     80 PRINT "-----" ;
     90 IF C=7 THEN PRINT "-";
    100 IF C=8 THEN PRINT " ";
    110 IF C=6 THEN PRINT "X";: LET C=7
    120 IF C=9 THEN PRINT "0";: LET C=8
    130 PRINT "-----"
    140 NEXT N
    150 PRINT
    160 INPUT A$
    170 NEXT :NEW

     ᪠ ணࠬ    ,  ᯮ
,  ⥬   ENTER  ࠧ  祭 
奪ᠣࠬ, ᬮ "⠩  ",
 㤥 뢠   ᫥⥫쭮 ᮮ⢥
⮬ ⢨,   㪢 ''!!   㡨 ࠫ  
 襩 ᮡ⢥ .   ENTER ⮩ ࠧ.
ணࠬ  㤥   -      ᫥
ᯮ짮 १⮢.
      짮⥫     ᥣ    묨
  ᠬ   ।.
      ணࠬ -  "".   뢠 
      
3#lP                             - 147 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

    
ண ⭮,   ⠥   ⣠, 
 ,     ⢥ ""  "".
᫨    ࠭   ⠪ ,   
     騥 ,        
ࠢ ⢥     ।   -
  ⭮:

   5 REM PANGOLINS
  10 LET NG=100: REM NUMBER OF GUESTIONS AND ANIMALS
  15 DIM G$(NQ,60):DIM A(NQ,2): DIM R$(1)
  20 LET QF=8
  30 FOR N=1 TO QF/2-1
  40 READ Q$(N): READA(N,1): READ A(N,2)
  50 NEXT N
  60 FOR N=N TO QF-1
  70 READ Q$(N): NEXT N
 100 REM 110 PRINT "THINK OF AN ANIMAL.","PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE."
 120 PAUSE 0
 130 LET C=1. REM START WITH IST QUESTION
 140 IF A(C,1)=0 THEN GO TO 300
 150 LET P$=Q$(C): GO SUB 910
 160 PRINT"?": GO SUB 1000
 170 LET IN=1: IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 210
 180 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 210
 190 LET IN=2: IF R$="N" THEN GO TO 210
 200 IF R$<>"N" THEN GO TO 150
 210 LET C=A(C,IN): GO TO 140
 300 REM ANIMAL
 310 PRINT"ARE YOU THINKING QF"
 320 LET P$=Q$(C): GO SUB 900: PRINT '?"
 330 GO SUB 1000
 340 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 400
 350 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 400
 360 IF R$="N" THEN GO TO 500
 380 PRINT "ANSWER ME PROPERLY WHEN I", "TALKING TO YOU":
      
3#lP                             - 148 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

 
     GO TO 300
 400 REM QUESSED IT
 410 PRINT "I THOUNT AS MUCH.": GO TO 800
 500 REM NEW ANIMAL
 510 IF QF>NQ-1 THEN PRINT"I" M SURE YOUR ANIMAL IS VERY",
     "INTERESTING, BUT I DON'T HAVE","ROOM FOR IT JUST NOW.":
      GO TO 800
 520 LET Q$(QF)=Q$(C):REM MOVE OLD ANIMAL
 530 PRINT "WHAT IS IT, THEN?": INPUT Q$(QF+1)
 540 PRINT "TELL ME A QUESTION XHICH DIST-","INQUISHES
     BETWEEN"
 550 LET P$=Q$(QF): GO SUB 900:PRINT "AND"
 560 LET P$=Q$(QF+1): GO SUB 900: PRINT " "
 570 INPUT S$: LET B=LEN S$
 580 IF S$(B)="?" THEN LET B=B-1
 590 LET Q$(C)=S$(TO B): REM INSERT QUESTION
 600 PRINT " WHAT IS THE ANSWER FOR"
 610 LET P$=Q$(QF+1): GO SUB 900: PRINT "?"
 620 GO SUB 1000
 630 LET IN=1:LET IO=2:REM ANSWERS FOR NEW AND OLD ANIMALS
 640 IF R$="y" THEN GO TO 700
 650 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 700
 660 LET IN=2: LET IO=1
 670 IF R$="n" THEN GO TO 700
 680 IF R$="N" THEN GO TO 700
 690 PRINT " THAT'S NO GOOD.": GO TO 600
 700 REM UPDATE ANSWERS
 710 LET A(C,IN)=QF+1: LET A(C,IO)=QF
 720 LET QF=QF+2: REM NEXT FREE ANIMAL SPACE
 730 PRINT "THAT FOOLED ME."
 800 REM AGAIN?
 810 PRINT "DO YOU WANT ANOTHER GO?": GO SUB 1000
 820 IF R$="" THEN GO TO 100
 830 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 100
 840 STOP
      
3#lP                             - 149 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

 
 900 REM PRINT WITHOUT TRAILING SPACES
 905 PRINT " ";
 910 FOR N=50 TO 1 STEP-1
 920 IF P$(N)<>" " THEN GO TO 940
 930 NEXT N
 940 PRINT P$(TO N);: RETURN
1000 REM GET REPLY
1010 INPUT R$: IF R$=" " THEN RETURN
1020 LET R$=R$(1): RETURN
2000 REM INITIAL ANIMALS
2010 DATA "DOES IT LINE IN THE SEA",4,2
2020 DATA "IS IT SCALY",3,5
2030 DATA "DOES IT EAT ANTS",6,7
2040 DATA "A WHALE","A BLANCMANGE","A PANGOLIN","AN ANT"

     ணࠬ   ࠭ "UNION FLAG".

   5 REM UNION FLAG
  10 LET R=2: LET W=7: LET B=1
  20 BORDER 0: PAPER 8: INK W: CLS
  30 REM BLACK IN BOTTOM OF SCREEN
  40 INVERSE 1
  50 FOR N=40 TO 0 STEP -5
  60 PLOT PAPER  0;7,N: DRAW PAPER 0;24,0
  70 NEXT N: INVERSE 0
 100 REM DRAW IN WHITE PARTS
 105 REM ST. GEORGE
 110 FOR N=0 TO 7
 120 PLOT 104+N,175: DRAW 0,-35
 130 PLOT 151-N,175: DRAW 0,-35
 140 PLOT 151,-N,48: DRAW 0,35
 150 PLOT 104+N,48:  DRAW 0,35
 160 NEXT N
 200 FOR N=0 TO 11
 210 PLOT 0,139-N: DRAW 111,0
      
3#lP                             - 150 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

 
 220 PLOT 255,139-N: DRAW-111,0
 230 PLOT 255,84+N: DRAW -111,0
 240 PLOT 0,84+N: DRAW 111,0
 250 NEXT N
 300 REM ST, ANDREW
 310 FOR N=0 TO 35
 320 PLOT 1+2*N,175-N:DRAW 32,0
 330 PLOT 224-2*N,175-N: DRAW 16,0
 340 PLOT 254-2*N,48+N: DRAW-32,0
 350 PLOT 17+2*N,48+N: DRAW 16,0
 360 NEXT N
 370 FOR N=0 TO 19
 380 PLOT 185+2*N,140+N: DRAW 32,0
 390 PLOT 200+2*N,83-N: DRAW 16,0
 400 PLOT 39-2*N,83-N: DRAW 32,0
 410 PLOT 54-2*N,140+N: DRAW -16,0
 420 NEXT N
 430 FOR N=0 TO 15
 440 PLOT 255,160+N: DRAW 2*N-30,0
 450 PLOT 0,63-N: DRAW 3102*N,0
 460 NEXT N
 470 FOR N=0 TO 7
 480 PLOT 0,160+N: DRAW 14-2*N,0
 485 PLOT 255,63-N: DRAW 2*N-15,0
 490 NEXT N
 500 REM RED STRIPES
 510 INVERSE 1
 520 REM ST, GEORGE
 530 FOR N=96 TO 120 STEP 8
 540 PLOT PAPER R;7,N: DRAW PAPER N;241,0
 550 NEXT N
 560 FOR N=112 TO 136 STEP 8
 570 PLOT PAPER R;N,168: DRAW PAPER R;0,-113
 580 NEXT N
 600 REM ST, PATRICK
      
3#lP                             - 151 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

 
 610 PLOT PAPER R;170,140:DRAW PAPER R;70,35
 620 PLOT PAPER R;179,140: DRAW PAPER R;70,35
 630 PLOT PAPER R;199,83: DRAW PAPER R;56,-28
 640 PLOT PAPERR;184,83: DRAW PAPER R;70,-35
 650 PLOT PAPER R;86,83: DRAW PAPER R;-70,-35
 660 PLOT PAPER R;72,83: DRAW PAPER R;-70,-35
 670 PLOT PAPER R;56,140: DRAW PAPER R;-56,28
 680 PLOT PAPER R;71,140: DRAW PAPER R;-70,35
 690 INVERSE 0:PAPER 0: INK 7

    ᫨   砭,   ࠧ ᢮ 䫠.
  ணࠬ  -     ᫮,    ப  
᫮,  ன  ⣠뢠.

   5 REM HANGMAN
  10 REM SET UP SCREEN
  20 INK 0: PAPER 7: CLS
  30 LET X=240: GO SUB 1000: REM DRAW MAN
  40 PLOT 235,128: DRAW 4,0: REM MOUTH
 100 REM SET UP WORD
 110 INPUT W$: REM WORD TO CUESS
 120 LET B=LENW$: LETV$=" "
 130 FOR N=2 TO B: LET V$=V$+" "
 140 NEXT N: REM V$=WORD GUESSED SO FAR
 150 LET C=0: LET D=0: REM CUESS & MISTAKE COUNTS
 160 FOR N=0 TO B-1
 170 PRINT AT 20,N;"-";
 180 NEXT N: REM WRITE-' S INSTEAD OF LETTERS'
 200 INPUT "GUESS A LETTER:";G$
 210 IFG$=" " THEN GO TO 200
 220 LET G$=G$(1): REM 1ST LETTER ONLY
 230 PRINT AT 0,C;G$
 24 U$=V$
 250 FOR
 N=1 TO B: REM UPDATE GUESSED WORD
       
3#lP                             - 152 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 260 IF W$(N)=G$ THEN LET V$(N)=G$
 270 NEXT N
 280 PRINT AT 19,0; V$
 290 IF V$=W$ THEN GO TO 500: REM WORD GUESSED
 300 IF V$<>U$ THEN GO TO 200: REM GUESSED WAS RIGHT
 400 REM DRAW NEXT PART OF GALLOWS
 410 IF D=8 THEN GO TO 600: REM HANGED
 420 LET D=D+1
 430 READ X0,Y0,X,Y
 440 PLOT X0,Y0: DRAW X,Y
 450 GO TO 200
 500 REM FREE MAN
 510 OVER1: REM RUB OUT MAN
 520 LET X=240: GO  SUB 1000
 530 PLOT 238,128: DRAW 4,0: REM MOUTH
 540 OVER 0: REM REDRAW MAN
 550 LET X=146: GO SUB 1000
 560 PLOT 143,129: DRAW 6,0,P1/2: REM SMILE
 570 GO TO 800
 600 REM HANG MAN
 610 OVER 1: REM RUB OUT FLOOR
 620 PLOT 255,65: DRAW -48,0
 630 DRAW 0, -48: REM OPEN TRAPDOOR
 640 PLOT 238,128: DRAW 4,0: REM RUB OUT MOUTH
 650 REM MOVE LIMBS
 655 REM ARMS
 660 PLOT 255,117: DRAW -15,-15: DRAW -15,15
 670 OVER 0
 680 PLOT 238,81: DRAW 4,21: DRAW 4,21: DRAW 4,-21
 690 OVER 1: REM LEGS
 700 PLOT 255,56: DRAW -15,15: DRAW -15,-15
 710 OVER 0
 720 PLOT 236,60: DRAW 4,21: DRAW 4,-21
 730 PLOT 237,127: DRAW 6,0,PI/2: REM FROWN
 740 PRINT AT 19,0;W$
       
3#lP                             - 153 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 800 INPUT "AGAIN?";A$
 810 IF A$=" " THEN GO TO 850
 820 LET A$=A$(1)
 830 IF A$="N" THEN STOP
 840 IF A$(1)="N" THEN STOP
 850 RESTORE: GOTO 5
1000 REM DRAW MAN AT COLUMN X
1010 REM HEAD
1020 CIRCLE X,132,8
1030 PLOT X+4,134: PLOT X-4,134: PLOT X,131
1055 PLOT X,101:DRAW 0,-19
1060 REM LEGS
1070 PLOT X-15,66: DRAW 15,15: DRAW 15,-15
1080 REM ARMS
1090 PLOT X-15,117: DRAW 15,-15: DRAW 15,15
1100 RETUPN
2000 DATA 120,55,135,0,184,65,0,91
2010 DATA 168,65,16,16,164,81,16,-16
2020 DATA 184,156,68,0,184,140,16,16
2030 DATA 204,156,-20,-22,240,156,0,-16
2040 DATA 184,156,68,0,184,140,16,16
2050 DATA 204,156,-20,-20,240,156,0,-16
      
3#lP                             - 154 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


            E

                  E⭠筠  筠
                       ⥬ ᫥F
                 

       ZX SPECTRUM ᯮ ⭠筠 -
⥬ ᫥.  ⮬  ⭠筠  뢠-
  묨 (ࠤ),  ⠪ ࠧ,    
  ᠭ  ⭠ ᫠.


           Ŀ
           10-筮  16-筮  2-筮()  
           Ĵ
               0          0        0000 0000    
               1          1        0000 0001    
               2          2        0000 0010    
               3          3        0000 0011    
               4          4        0000 0100    
               5          5        0000 0101    
               6          6        0000 0110    
               7          7        0000 0111    
               8          8        0000 1000    
               9          9        0000 1001    
              10          A        0000 1010    
              11          B        0000 1011    
              12          C        0000 1100    
              13          D        0000 1101    
              14          E        0000 1110    
              15          F        0000 1111    
              16         10        0001 0000    
              17         11        0001 0001    
              18         12        0001 0010    
           
      
3#lP                             - 155 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT

           Ŀ
           10-筮  16-筮  2-筮()  
           Ĵ
              19         13        0001 0011    
              20         14        0001 0100    
              21         15        0001 0101    
              22         16        0001 0110    
              23         17        0001 0111    
              24         18        0001 1000    
              25         19        0001 1001    
              26         1A        0001 1010    
              27         1B        0001 1011    
              28         1C        0001 1100    
              29         1D        0001 1101    
              30         1E        0001 1110    
              31         1F        0001 1111    
              32         20        0010 0000    
           

  ࠧ 設 ᫮.     -
  㭪  BIN,  ਬ 'BIN 0'     0,
'BIN 10' 뢠 ᫮   ..    '-3'  室
㪠 'BIN 11',   'BIN-11'.
    ᫮   ॢ 65635 ..   ⭠-
  ࠧ冷 (⮢).
      
3#lP                             - 156 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


                    E  F
                   
               
 A 

ABS.................[E]-G...............................13
ACS.................[E]-SH-W............................18
AND.................[K],[L],[C]-SIMBOL-SHIFT-Y..........20
ASN.................[E]-SN-O............................18
AT..................[K],[L],[C]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-I..........25,70
ATN.................[E]-SH-E............................16,18
ATTR................[E]-SH-L............................31,48

 B 

BEEP................[E]-SH-Z............................2,36,37
BIN.................[E]-B...............................22,34
BORDER..............[K]-B...............................2
BREAK...............CAPS-SHIFT-SPASE....................3,7,42
BRIGHT..............[E]-SH-B............................28

 C 

CAPS LOSK ..........[K],[L]-CAPS-SHIFT-2................3
CAPS SHIFT..............................................2
CAT.................[E]-SIMBOL-SHIFT-9>.................43
CHR$................[E]-U...............................21,27.31
CIRCLE..............[N]-SN-H............................33,69
CLPEAR..............[K]-X...............................56
CLOSE#..............[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-5..................43
CLS.................[K]-V...............................7,26
CODE................[E]-I...............................21,42
CONTINUE............[K]-C...............................7
COPY................[K]-Z>..............................42
COS.................[E]-W...............................16
      
3#lP                             - 157 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 D 

DATA................[E]-D...............................10,19,39
DEF FN..............[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-1..................15
DELETE..............[C],[G]-0/[K],[L]-CAPS-SHIFT-0......3,5,22,67
DIM.................[K]-D...............................19
DRAW................[K]-W...............................53,69

 E 

EDIT................[K],[L],[C]-CAPS-SHIFT-1............3,4
ENTER...................................................4,68
ERASE...............[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-7..................42
EXP.................[E]-X...............................16

 F 

FLASN...............[E]-SH-V............................28,33
FN..................[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-2..................15
FOR.................[K]-F...............................8,9,70
FOR NEXT 横...........................................8,9,70
FORMAT..............[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-0..................42

 G 

GO SUB .............[K]-H...............................9
GO TO...............[K]-G...............................6,7,8,9
GRAPHICS............[K],[L],[G]-CAPS-SHIFT-0............3,21,67
      
3#lP                             - 158 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 I 

IF..................[K]-U...............................6,8
IN..................[E]-SH-I............................43
INK.................[E]-SH-X............................26,33,64
INKEY$..............[E]-N...............................38
INPUT...............[K]-I...............................6,7,8,69
INVERSE.............[K]-SH-N............................28,33,69
INT.................[K]-R...............................14,18

 L 

LEN.................[E]-K...............................14
LET.................[K]-L...............................2,4,8,9
LINE................[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-3..................27,39,66
LIST................[K]-K...............................5
LLIST...............[E]-V...............................43
LN..................[E]-Z...............................16
LOAD................[K]-J...............................35,56
LPRINT..............[E]-C...............................42

 M 

MERGE...............[E]-SH-T............................41
MOVE................[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-6..................37

 N 

NEW.................[K]-A...............................5,7
NEXT ...............[K]-N...............................8,10,70
NOT.................[K],[L],[C]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-5..........20

 O 

OPEN#...............[E]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-4..................42
OR..................[K],[L],[C]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-U..........20
OUT.................[E]-O...............................43
OVER................[E]-N...............................28      
3#lP                             - 159 -
                                                S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 P 

PAPER...............[E]-C...............................2,28,33
PAUSE...............[K]-M...............................35
PEEK................[E]-O...............................22,35
PI..................[E]-M...............................16
PLOT................[K]-O...............................33
POKE................[K]-O...............................23
PRINT...............[K]-P...............................2,4,7,9

 R 

RANDOMISE...........[K]-T...............................18
READ................[E]-A...............................10
REM.................[K]-E................................5,7,8
RESTORE.............[E]-S.......................
RENURN..............[K]-Y................................9
RND.................[E]-T................................18
RUN.................[K]-R................................4

 S 

SAVE................[K]-S................................39,55
SCREEN$.............[E]-SH-K.............................40,48
SGN.................[E]-F................................14
SIN.................[E]-O................................18
SGR.................[E]-H................................14
STEP................[K],[L],[C]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-D...........8
STOP................[K],[L],[C]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-A...........3,5
STR$................[E]-Y................................14
SYMBOL SHIFT.............................................2
      
3#lP                             - 160 -
S1BASIC ZX SPECTRUMT


 T 

TAB.................[E]-P................................25
TAN.................[E]-E................................18
THEN................[K],[L],[C]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-G...........2,7,20
TO..................[K],[L],[C]-SYMBOL-SHIFT-F...........8,13

 U 

USR.................[E]-L................................21

 V 

VAL.................[E]-J................................14
VAL$................[E]-SH-J.............................14
VERIFAY.............[E]-SH-R.............................39

